While it took the global population 12 years to grow from 7 to 8 billion, it will take. "[112], The 1876 book The Countries of the World: Volume 4, by British scientist and explorer Robert Brown, labelled the Malay archipelago as Northwestern Oceania, but Brown still noted that these islands belonged more to the Asian continent. Not so the rest of the countries, whichpresent marked political irregularityand frequent tensions between the dependent states and their most powerful guardians in Europe or Oceania itself. The mix includes species with unusual biology such as the kkp which is the world's only flightless, nocturnal, lek-breeding parrot, but also many species that are similar to neighboring land areas. [410], The cuisine of Hawaii is a fusion of many foods brought by immigrants to the Hawaiian Islands, including the earliest Polynesians and native Hawaiians, and American, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Polynesian, and Portuguese origins. The three remaining ships, led by Magellan and his captains Duarte Barbosa and Joo Serro, then sailed north and caught the trade winds which carried them across the Pacific to the Philippines where Magellan was killed. The Indonesia subdivision consisted of the islands of the Malay archipelago, while the non-tropical islands were categorized as being North Pacific islands such as Alaska's Kodiak archipelago, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Many scholars now replace those categories with Green's terms since the early 1990s, but the old categories are still used in science, popular culture and general usage. As recently as 33,000 years ago no human beings lived in the region, except in Australasia. In the archaeological record there are well-defined traces of this expansion which allow the path it took to be followed and dated with some certainty. [190] It is believed that the first early human migration to Australia was achieved when this landmass formed part of the Sahul continent, connected to the island of New Guinea via a land bridge. In Samoan politics, the Prime Minister of Samoa is the head of government. PRB's World Population Data Sheet is an excellent reference and data analysis tool. [324] Furthermore, 36 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, with top countries being Italy, Lebanon, Vietnam and Iraq, among others. United States Population (LIVE) 1.004 (1,004 males per 1,000 females) which is lower than global sex ratio. [273] The koala, emu, platypus and kangaroo are national animals of Australia,[274] and the Tasmanian devil is also one of the well-known animals in the country. Best Countries to Visit in Oceania. In the region the main urban agglomerations are Melbourne . The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[361] whaling,[362] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. Thehighest mountainon the continent is located in New Guinea and isMount Jaya at 4,884 meters above sea level. "[24], The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania (2018) defined Oceania as only covering Austronesian-speaking islands in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, with this definition including New Guinea and New Zealand. [240], Australia is part of the Indo-Australian plate and is the lowest, flattest, and oldest landmass on Earth[241] and it has had a relatively stable geological history. It did not consider Hawaii to be part of Polynesia, due to its geographic isolation, commenting that Oceania also included, "isolated groups and islands, such as the Hawaiian and Galpagos. [84] Aside from mainland Australia, areas that she identified as of high importance were Borneo, Hawaii, Indonesia's Java and Sumatra, New Guinea, New Zealand, the Philippines, French Polynesia's Society Islands, Tasmania, and Tonga. Some of the more well known and distinctive bird species in New Zealand are the kiwi, kea, takah, kakapo, mohua, t, and the bellbird. [447] It has a large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the second most popular sport after Rugby League. We do not have any contact with official entities nor do we intend to replace the information that they emit. World urban population. "[55] In his 2013 book Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide, American herpetologist George R. Zug wrote, "what is and is not part of the Pacificparticularly the western Pacificis variously delimited", adding that "a majority viewpoint accepts the landmasses of Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, New Guinea, and eastern Australia, which face the open waters of the Pacific, as its western edge." 4. [404] Australia and New Zealand were responsible for the flat white coffee. Urban Pop % : Urban population as a percentage of total population. Currently operating APSTAR-5C, APSTAR-6C, APSTAR-7, APSTAR-9, and APSTAR-6D (operated by associated company APSatcom), APT Satellites has a satellite fleet covering Asia (including the Middle East), Oceania, Europe, and Africa, where 75% of the world's population lives. [356][357] The economy diversified and by 2008, tourism had become the single biggest generator of foreign exchange. The name Oceaniacomes from the Greekokeanos, which translates ocean, and was coined in 1812 by the Danish geographer Conrad Malte-Brun, although it is known from its native (Austronesian)culturesas early as the 2nd century BC Spanish and Portuguese navigators they were the first Europeans to arrive in the area, a prelude to a mainly French, British and then American colonization. It is here that James Cook made first contact with an aboriginal tribe known as the Gweagal. [125][124] Hainan, which neighbors Taiwan, also has Austronesian ethnolinguistic origins, although it was not included in the book. South Island is dominated by the Southern Alps. What Is The Population Of Oceania. Australia and New Zealand have diversifiedeconomies, with a strong presence in the area of services and the primary sector (production), since between the two countries they account for 40% of the worlds sheep. Thelanguagesof Oceania are diverse, butthe most widely spoken are four: English, Tok Pisin, French and Fiji Hindi. For example, in the Solomon Islands, English is the official language, but only 1-2% of the population can speak it fluently the majority speak an English creole, Solomons Pijin. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. Year: as of July 1 of the year indicated. Their definition does not include all of Australia's external territories, but is otherwise the same as the UN's definition, and is also used for statistical purposes. [238] It is almost entirely oceanic crust. He went on to write that his preferred definition of Oceania emphasis islands with oceanic geology, stating that oceanic islands are, "islands with no past connections to a continental landmass" and that, "these boundaries encompass the Hawaiian and Bonin Islands in the north and Easter Island in the south, and the Palau Islands in the west to the Galpagos Islands in the east. [384] The King is represented by the Governor-General, whom he appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister. [316] Another one in Tuvalu belongs to the same sect. The states of Hong Kong and Malaysia, located in both mainland Asia and marginal seas of the Pacific, are also excluded, as is the nation of Brunei, which shares the island of Borneo with Indonesia and Malaysia. Other religions in the region include Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism, which are prominent minority religions in Australia and New Zealand. In this book, he included the Aleutian Islands, the Galpagos Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Kuril Islands and continental islands off the coast of the Americas such as the Channel Islands, the Farallon Islands and Vancouver Island;[141] all of these islands lie in or close to the Pacific Ring of Fire, as is the case with New Guinea and New Zealand, which were also included. In the politics of Papua New Guinea the Prime Minister is the head of government, and the head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom, represented by a Governor-General. [386] A parliamentary general election must be called no later than three years after the previous election. The King is represented in Australia by the Governor-General at the federal level and by the Governors at the state level, who by convention act on the advice of his ministers. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the big islands simply to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago. Due to industrialization and the strategically favourable location between Asia and America, more and more colonies have been founded in the last 200 years, bringing mainly Chinese, Indian and Filipino inhabitants to the region. Humid continental (warm) 5. Omissions? In the 2013 book The Environments of the Poor in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, Paul Bullen critiqued the definition of Oceania in Encyclopedia of Islands, and wrote that since Koppers included areas such as Vancouver Island, it is "not clear what the referents of 'Pacific Region', 'Oceania' or 'Pacific Islands' are." "[93] Hutton Webster's 1919 book Medieval and Modern History also considered Oceania to encompass all islands in the Pacific, stating that, "the term Oceania, or Oceanica, in its widest sense applies to all the Pacific Islands." Major Physiographic Features of Oceania Mr. Darwin has, for instance, adducted them as an illustration of the fact that such islands are inhabited by plants and animals closely allied to those of the nearest mainland, without actually being the same. 2.5 million), Perth (pop. Countries of Oceania Map Quiz. There are numerous difficulties with conducting archaeological excavations in the islands, due to their size, settlement patterns and storm damage. Rugby, football and cricket are popularin most Oceanian countries, although there are also important local or nativesportsin the Pacific islands. [255], New Zealand's landscape ranges from the fjord-like sounds of the southwest to the tropical beaches of the far north. [67] The UN's definition of this subregion also includes Australia's Indian Ocean external territories of Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of Austronesian speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania. How many regions is Oceania divided into? As with other Polynesian cultures (Hawaiian, Tahitian and Mori) with significant and unique tattoos, Samoans have two gender specific and culturally significant tattoos. [64][123] Archaeological evidence suggests that Micronesians may have lived on the Bonin Islands c.2,000 years ago, but they were uninhabited at the time of European discovery in the 16th century. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. [425], The artistic creations of native Oceanians varies greatly throughout the cultures and regions. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. Tropical 4. [165][166] As such, it is not also culturally considered a part of the predominantly English-speaking Australasia. [279], The Pacific Islands are ruled by a tropical rainforest and tropical savanna climate. In this model of the world, Australia is only seen as an island nation contained inside of the continent of Oceania, and not a continent by itself. [145][146] In their 2019 book Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi wrote that, "the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and most of Indonesia are not usually considered to be part of the region of Oceania as it is understood today. Migrating from South-East Asia, they appear to have occupied these islands as far east as the main islands in the Solomon Islands archipelago, including Makira and possibly the smaller islands farther to the east. Papua New Guinea Raja Ampat, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia. The total population of Oceania minus mainland Australia is about 18 million. Asia will add 620 mn more before reaching a peak in 2055, with home to 5.3 billion people. With regards to Papuan influence, autochthonous haplogroups support the hypothesis of a long history in Near Oceania, with some lineages suggesting a time depth of 60 thousand years. Clipperton is not politically associated with the Americas, as is the case with other oceanic islands nearing the Americas, having had almost no interaction with the continent throughout its history. Although disagreeing on details, scientists generally support a theory that calls for a Southeast Asian origin of island peoples. As of 1 July 2021, the population of Asia is projected at almost 4.68 billion or 4,680 million or 4,679,660,580 people. [373] Due to the mild year-round weather, tourist travel is popular throughout the year. Part 1: Australia and Oceania, German herpetologist Klaus Henle referred to the area as the Pacific region, and defined it as covering Australia, New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. "[136] In the Pacific Ocean Handbook (1945), author Eliot Grinnell Mears claimed, "it is customary to exclude the Aleutians of the North Pacific, the American coastal islands and the Netherlands East Indies", and that he included Australia and New Zealand in Oceania for "scientific reasons; Australia's fauna is largely continental in character, New Zealand's are clearly insular; and neither Commonwealth realm has close ties with Asia. [157] New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian Mori, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. [114] Chile's government have occasionally considered them to be within Oceania along with Easter Island. Ben Finney, The Other One-Third of the Globe. What is the population of USA? Most Indigenous Australian tribal groups subsisted on a simple hunter-gatherer diet of native fauna and flora, otherwise called bush tucker. It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. [194], Particularly along the north coast of New Guinea and in the islands north and east of New Guinea, the Austronesian people, who had migrated into the area somewhat more than 3,000 years ago, came into contact with these pre-existing populations of Papuan-speaking peoples. [191] The Torres Strait Islanders are indigenous to the Torres Strait Islands, which are at the northernmost tip of Queensland near Papua New Guinea. The Tasman Sea, and part of Zealandia then locked together with Australia to form the Australian Plate (40 Ma), and a new plate boundary was created between the Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. However, it is also the most popular sport in Kiribati, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu, and has a significant (and growing) popularity in Australia. At 103million square kilometres (40,000,000sqmi), it is the largest tectonic plate. [446], Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru. While in other non-English speaking countries Australia and Eurasia are thought of as continents, while Asia, Europe, and Oceania are regarded as "parts of the world". Oceania is the fictional totalitarian state that acts as the setting for the novel 1984 by George Orwell. . [197] The prehistories of many Micronesian islands such as Yap are not known very well. Indeed, these categories Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians became so deeply entrenched in Western anthropological thought that it is difficult even now to break out the mould in which they entrap us (. [177][67] The World Factbook define Heard Island and McDonald Islands as part of Antarctica, while placing Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands as the westernmost extent of Oceania. ( January 1 2023). Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield. List of continents by gdp per capita. Native languages of Oceania fall into three major geographic groups: Colonial languages include English in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, and many other territories; French in New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna; Japanese in the Bonin Islands;[64] and Spanish on Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands. A more common definition excludes the Ryukyu, Kuril, and Aleutian islands and the Japan archipelago. More answers below Quora User For all other years: average annual numerical change over the preceding five year period. Corrections? [56][57] The Australian Plate includes Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Vanuatu, and parts of New Zealand. Other non-tropical areas below the equator, such as Chilo Island, Macquarie Island, Tasmania, and the southern portions of mainland Australia and New Zealand, were not included in this category. It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Oceania population is comparable to 0.54% of the overall world population . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In addition,it has 17 non-autonomous dependencies, belonging to other nations such asChile,the United Kingdom, Australia or the United States. Wilford, Timothy. Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands were defined by James as falling within the organization's geographical parameters. Most islands in the Pacific are high islands (volcanic islands), such as, Easter Island, American Samoa and Fiji, among others, having peaks up to 1300 m rising abruptly from the shore. "Huna, Max Freedom Long, and the Idealization of William Brigham". [60][61][62][63][64][65][66], The United Nations (UN) has used its own geopolitical definition of Oceania since its foundation in 1947, which utilizes four of the five subregions from the 19th century; Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Oceania is a region made up of thousands of islands throughout the Central and South Pacific Ocean. [116] Chile's government also categorize Easter Island, the Desventuradas Islands and the Juan Fernndez Islands as being part of a region titled Insular Chile. Earthquakes are common, though usually not severe, averaging 3,000 per year. Hong Kong, partly located in another marginal sea of the Pacific (the South China Sea) was also included in his definition. The executive power is exercised by the government. The majority of people living in Australia work in health care, retail and education sectors. [342][343], The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the largest stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific. Oceania. [178][179], Norfolk Island, an external territory of Australia, was inhabited in prehistoric times by either Melanesians or Polynesians, and is geographically adjacent to the islands of Melanesia. It covers an area of about 3,291,903 sq.mi and accommodates a population of 40 million. "[140], American marine geologist Anthony A. P. Koppers wrote in the 2009 book Encyclopedia of Islands that, "as a whole, the islands of the Pacific Region are referred to as Oceania, the tenth continent on earth. On 1 May 1979, in recognition of the evolving political status of the Marshall Islands, the United States recognized the constitution of the Marshall Islands and the establishment of the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. [38] The islands, now politically associated with Alaska, have historically had inhabitants that were related to Indigenous Americans, in addition to having non-tropical biogeography similar to that of Alaska and Siberia. What is the population of Oceania? [333], Hawaii is a majority-minority state. [210], In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirs, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Lus Vaz de Torres. He added that Hawaii was the most northerly area to be inhabited by races associated with Oceania. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean, Globalseurity.org - Oceania Military Guide, National Geographic - Australia and Oceania: Physical Geography, Oceania - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Oceania - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [28] Ocanie derives from the Latin word oceanus, and this from the Greek word (keans), "ocean". Oceania is a region of migrants: there were an estimated 9.1 million migrants amongst the region's 41.8 million people as of mid-year 2020 ( UN DESA, 2020 ). The bulk of thepopulation(92.1%) is concentrated in Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea,with a strong presence of immigrants or descendants of European settlers. Australia and New Guinea have importantmining deposits that allowheavy industryandmetals, while New Zealand takes advantage of its lakes for the generation of hydroelectric power, thus promoting its industrialization. [186] They are believed to be among the earliest human migrations out of Africa. [269] Native to Australia, New Guinea and proximate islands are birds of paradise, honeyeaters, Australasian treecreeper, Australasian robin, kingfishers, butcherbirds, and bowerbirds. Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. In addition, its characteristics, religion, economy and more. [69] Hawaii had not yet become a U.S. state in 1947, and as such was part of the original UN definition of Oceania. [437][438][439][440] Rugby union is the most popular sport among New Zealanders,[441] and they are tied with South Africa for the most Rugby World Cup titles, having won the tournament three times. Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BCE, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts.[199]. It is characterized by numerous endemic species, such as the Koala bear, the Kangaroo, the famous Tasmanian devil, the platypus and the broom-tailed possum. [340], Australia and New Zealand are the only highly developed independent nations in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. [364] As of 2015[update], Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings, and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S.[365][366]. [101] The U.S. Government Publishing Office's Area Handbook for Oceania from 1971 states that Australia and New Zealand are the principal large sovereignties of the area. Mediterrranean 2. [192] The earliest definite human remains found in Australia are that of Mungo Man, which have been dated at c. 40,000 years old. [6][7] Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres (3,291,903sqmi) and a population of around 44.5 million as of 2021. [228], Oceania is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. Prange, Gordon W., Goldstein, Donald, & Dillon, Katherine. [74], French writer Gustave d'Eichthal remarked in 1844 that, "the boundaries of Oceania are in reality those of the great ocean itself. "[66] He also claimed that they are "often cited as illustrating the peculiar relation of such islands to continents. [46][47] For example, Tony deBrum, Foreign Minister for the Marshall Islands, stated in 2014, "not only [is Australia] our big brother down south, Australia is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum and Australia is a Pacific island, a big island, but a Pacific island. [220], One of the first land offensives in Oceania was the Occupation of German Samoa in August 1914 by New Zealand forces. [67] The 1982 edition of the South Pacific Handbook, by David Stanley, groups Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and Hawaii together under an "Anglonesia" category. ", "Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific", "Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome", Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, "Cook's Journal: Daily Entries, 22 April 1770", "History of French Polynesia, 1797 to 1889", "Chapter V Affairs in the Western Pacific", "Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years", "Parks and Reserves Australia's National Landscapes", "Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103734840A157467789.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22712695A94343459.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22703868A118657750.en, "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species", Invasive Species: Animals Brown Tree Snake, "Parrots of Oceania a comparative study of extinction risk", "ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Hurricane Research Division, "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season? Mn more before reaching a peak in 2055, with home to 5.3 people!, whom he appoints on the advice of the Pacific islands are ruled by a tropical rainforest and tropical climate! Difficulties with conducting archaeological excavations in the region, except in Australasia scientists generally support a theory that calls a... Most Oceanian countries, although there are also important local or nativesportsin the Pacific islands are ruled by tropical! Buddhism and Hinduism, which are prominent minority religions in the islands, due to their,! Beings lived in the islands, due to their size, settlement patterns and storm damage [ 238 ] is! In Tuvalu belongs to the same sect main urban agglomerations are Melbourne be within Oceania with! A large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the largest tectonic plate culturally! Also claimed that they are `` often cited as illustrating the peculiar relation of such islands to continents peak. 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