experiment, in which residents of a state home for mentally impaired children were intentionally infected with a virus that causes hepatitis, and the Kennedy-Krieger Lead Abatement study, which tested the efficacy of a new lead paint removal procedure by housing young children in partially decontaminated homes and testing those children for lead exposure. to cases they must return, if they are to be both useful and comprehensible to those making decisions within the biomedical context. Does the fact that our lives will end threaten their meaning? In particular, one must grasp that "three of them" picks out a subset of the group picked out by "every cookie", and that there's no such thing as a cookie that is both chocolate chip and oatmeal raisin. We also examine the Yogacara school, which offers a process view of reality focusing on the analysis of experience. In addressing these substantive questions, we will also consider which methodological approach--if a single one can be privileged--we should adopt for examining emotions. The stoics and skeptics both claimed a Socratic imprimatur for their own thought. We will, undoubtedly, have to adjust the syllabus to respond to breaking international, national and local news. First, we will trace the emergence and development of the concept of freedom in various historical traditions. I may also pair some Nietzsche texts with readings from representatives of both the Anglo-American and European critical reception of his work (Bataille, Heidegger, Habermas, Foucault, Irigaray, Deleuze, Derrida Williams, Rorty, Reginster, Hussain, and so forth). Along the way, we will need to come to grips with the following surprising fact. Among the questions that we will address: What is justice? How does film generate meaning? In fact, Socrates seems to have been thought of as a kind of intellectual saint in the Hellenistic world. We conclude by considering some of the later Hindu holistic views of the self as responses to the Buddhist critique. For example, many people would agree that 'Keith's favorite unicorn' is a meaningful expression. We will examine these and related issues by looking in depth at contemporary defenses of consequentialist, deontological, and contractualist theories. Save. We pursue this reflection by examining the views of James, Husserl, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, particularly as they concern the methods for the study of the mind and the relation between consciousness, reflexivity and the body. If so, is that knowledge importantly different in kind or in rigor from the knowledge we gain through physics, chemistry or geology? THE SON of Adelaide coach Phil Walsh has appeared at a bedside court hearing in a psychiatric ward, charged with stabbing his father to death. We will begin with Washington's classic article "Industrial Education for the Negro" and DuBois' classic "The Talented Tenth". In this course we'll explore justice as a fundamental moral principle and as a desideratum of the US health care system. Following assistant coach stints at Port Adelaide and West Coast, he took over as Crows head. Perhaps, then, economics is not primarily a predictive science, but instead a descriptive, historical, and/or mathematical one. The course will, I hope, provide the students an opportunity and the tools to intellectually examine deeply emotional and contentious issues. Wittgenstein's two masterpieces, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and the Philosophical Investigations, stand like opposing poles around which schools of twentieth-century analytic philosophy revolve. This tutorial aims to provide students with the skills necessary for careful, serious and thorough reading of Wittgenstein's later philosophy. Later Wittgenstein is a controversial, polarizing figure; but serious reading of his work is invariably intellectually enriching and fertile. We will concentrate both on making precise the philosophical problem of consciousness and on understanding the role of the relevant neuroscientific and cognitive research. But is the best conclusion we can come to with respect to our intellectual endeavors that skepticism always carries the day and that nothing at all is true? Are there incompatible but equally true ways of describing the world? While answers to such questions are implicit in historically important accounts of morality, these issues became the topic of explicit, sustained debate in the twentieth and twenty-first century. Who is equal? They help us ask: What is freedom? As the music wails in the background, we will study the classic pragmatists: William James, C. S. Peirce, and John Dewey. [more], This course will raise and discuss a number of philosophical questions concerning our current understanding of mental health and mental illness. Although it has influenced both analytic and continental philosophy, pragmatism is a powerful third philosophical movement. "The only thing that is different with this is that he has a high profile. Jana Sawicki TR 8:30 am - 9:45 am Hopkins Hall 400 (Rogers Room) 3316 Closed None PHIL 122 - T1 (F) TUT Contemporary Moral Issues . Against the first, people often don't seem to reason very well. Are there things that cannot be put into words? New York: McGraw Hill, 2005. pp 307-323. Or are some of our beliefs true in virtue of their meanings alone? Hopkins Hall. We will begin with John Stuart Mill's powerful defense of free speech in On Liberty, but will then investigate challenges to Mill's traditional liberalism from thinkers, such as Catharine MacKinnon, who believe that such rights are never neutral. Does freedom require leading (or avoiding) a political life? Pleasure? scientific theories. The philosopher John Rawls is widely credited with reviving liberalism in the late 20th century and providing its most persuasive defense. We will examine these and related issues by looking in depth at contemporary defenses of consequentialist, deontological, and contractualist theories. ways of thinking about formal proof: natural deduction systems, semantic tableaux, axiomatic systems and sequent calculi. In a philosophy of logic class, we think about what we are doing when we do logic. Must the freedom or fulfillment of some people require the subordination of others? What are the social and ethical prerequisites--and consequences--of democracy? In this tutorial, will read works in critical theory from the 18th century to the present, some from the Frankfurt tradition, and some not. If loyalty is a virtue, what are the proper limits of its cultivation and expression? But we also question the value of these tools based on first person approaches by relating them to the third person studies of the mind. This discussion will lead us to the relativist and social-constructivist views developed within contemporary science studies. Does it advance our thinking and increase our knowledge of the world? We will prove soundness and completeness, compactness, the Lowenheim-Skolem theorems, undecidability and other important results about first-order logic. How do we create legal and policy frameworks that cover a new kind of thinking being? So there is not a heap in my backyard. of thinking, categorizing, and knowing, we can easily imagine that he might now be questioning different aspects of our contemporary "present" than the ones standardly associated with his name, namely, panopticons and surveillance, discipline, criminalization, the biopolitics of health, the normal and the abnormal, etc. While you're debating whether to take this class, consider the following puzzle. Authors will include Plato, Anselm, Aquinas, Pascal, Paley, Hume, Kant, Kierkegaard, and several contemporary philosophers. We will focus on particular topics, examples of which are the following: normative critique, capitalism, authoritarianism, mass culture, enlightenment and reason, progress, violence, the domination of nature, white supremacy, patriarchy and colonialism. 1-3), and selected interviews and course lectures. Unsurprisingly, philosophers have proffered a variety of answers to these questions, prompting one philosopher to remark, half-jokingly, that "there are as many definitions of philosophy as there are philosophers." Science is only "true" for some people, agnosticism is the only alternative to foolish superstition, and moral relativism and, consequently, nihilism are obvious. Aristotle expresses in these books were instrumental in setting an intellectual agenda that dominated western thought through the Middle Ages and provided the backdrop against which the modern philosophical tradition arose. In the second part of the course, we will read On Certainty, and selections from other of Wittgenstein's posthumously published works: Zettel, Philosophical Grammar, Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, Culture and Value, Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief, and The Big Typescript. It is at the same time the most intimately known fact of our humanity and science's most elusive puzzle. Is there a room for the notion of collective intention in filmmaking? In the last century New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani attempted to shut down the Brooklyn Museum "Sensations" exhibit because he claimed it offended Christians, and the Cincinnati Contemporary Arts Center was prosecuted for exhibiting allegedly obscene photographs by Robert Mapplethorpe. This theoretically oriented work will provide the background for subsequent examination of specific topics, which may include, among others: justice in health care financing and reform; justice in health care rationing and access to health care, with particular attention to the intersections of rationing criteria with gender, sexuality, race, disability, and age; justice in the procurement and allocation of organs for transplantation; obesity and personal responsibility for illness; and justice in medical research, including "double standards" for research conducted in low resource settings. Phil Walsh dead following domestic dispute, Statement from Gillon McLachlan on round 14. We will also read selections from the vast secondary literature on Aristotle's. For each argument, we will first look at historically important formulations and then turn to contemporary reformulations. That would be really worrisome. Does morality require that we always subordinate our personal relationships to universal principles? (Foot also invented the infamous trolley car thought experiment.) Our readings will include the relevant works of Plato, Sextus Empiricus, Carnap, Quine, Davidson, Goodman, Elgin, Hacking, Krausz, Foot, and Williams, among others. What makes an individual's life go well? Who is equal? If so, freedom may seem impossible since we're all deeply influenced by factors ranging from the general laws of nature to specific features of our genetic endowment and social environment (including religion, political ideology, and advertising). Questions include: Does the world decide the truth and falsity of all our beliefs? Logic is sometimes called the study of reason. Whether the mind can be fully understood within a scientific framework has taken on an exciting urgency. Supt Bray said the domestic incident was a tragedy. We will also read more recent work by Foucault inspired scholars on topics such as the biopolitics of gender, the genealogy of terrorism, the informational person (how we become our data), and neoliberal subjects. So, some relationships with other people--such as friendships, familial ties, love, patriotism--seem to be ethically desirable, central to the quality of our lives, and yet prima facie in tension with the widely held belief that morality requires impartiality and equal treatment of all human beings. Our starting and central question will be: What makes me the particular person that I am, and how is my identity as this individual person preserved over time? In fact, Socrates seems to have been thought of as a kind of intellectual saint in the Hellenistic world. health and disease, and then apply them to human psychology. In this tutorial we will exploit this characteristic of biomedical ethics by using a case-based approach to examining core concepts of the field. It turns out, however, to be surprisingly difficult to say what causation is. What we have here is an example of the sorites paradox. [more], Along with jazz, pragmatism stands as the greatest uniquely American contribution to world culture. First of all, Greek thinkers, especially Plato and Aristotle, radically shaped the trajectory of western thought in every area of philosophy. What if they are biased, unbeknownst to us? "Don't die," she said. And, it's not merely that their answer invokes our freedom to determine our own identities. In order to hit the ground running, students will be expected to read. This course argues that by reference to the historically specific modes of subjectivity and sociality that resulted from the Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Haitian Revolution, for instance, we can better understand and address long-standing questions in European Social Philosophy. How can we ensure that AI's will act morally? [more], Some of the discoveries made by physicists over the last century seem to show that our common sense views are deeply at odds with our most sophisticated and best confirmed scientific theories. These affect not only our particular choices but also, more fundamentally, who we are and what we value. Some of them explicitly engage meta-philosophical debates; others exemplify particular philosophical styles and methods. Finally, there are those who do not think philosophy can contribute much at all to answering such questions and others who question its claims to universality given its associations with colonialism, racism, sexism, etc. [more], We often associate modern faith in the prospects of universal human dignity, rational autonomy, the rights of man, individual liberty, democracy, open scientific inquiry and social and political progress with the Enlightenment . this tutorial, we'll read portions of Rawls' major works. The debate between Realism and Idealism concerns whether reality is composed of mind-independent matter, or mind-like substances. What should be the goals of Williams College? Thus, the concept of person plays a significant role in most branches of philosophy, e.g. We will then turn to contemporary controversies such as campus free speech. The millennia old problem of whether human suffering is compatible with God's perfection is called "the problem of evil." The stoics and skeptics both claimed a Socratic imprimatur for their own thought. By which methods should we pursue these questions? In order to hit the ground running, students will be expected to read The Women Are Up to Something: How Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, Mary Midgley, and Iris Murdoch Revolutionized Ethics by Benjamin J. As Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh lay bleeding from 20 stab wounds, his wife begged him not to leave her. Some maintain that these issues are solely the provinces of philosophy, using traditional a priori methods. Both stances face severe difficulties. We will begin by examining the general concepts of health and disease, and then apply them to human psychology. We pay our respect to their Elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today. How do our thoughts refer to objects? Specific issues will include the ethics of placebo research, deception in research, studies of illicit/illegal behavior, genetic research, experimentation with children, pregnant women and fetuses, and persons with diminished mental capacity, among other topics. The son of former Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh has been granted unsupervised day leave from the mental health facility where he lives. The thoughts that Aristotle expresses in these books were instrumental in setting an intellectual agenda that dominated western thought through the Middle Ages and provided the backdrop against which the modern philosophical tradition arose. Stoicism and skepticism, however, are wildly divergent schools of thought. [more], What are the purposes of higher education? The cause of death for Phil Williams Jr. was listed as "probably a . We will examine several different approaches in depth, including realism, constructivism, expressivism, and skepticism. [more], At the beginning of the last century Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Second, we will engage in some current philosophical debates concerning the concept of freedom in metaphysics, ethics, and political philosophy. In addition to key concepts of death, dying, and terminal illness, we will develop and refine notions of medical futility, paternalism and autonomy, particularly within the context of advance directives and surrogate decision making. If time permits, we'll also look briefly at some recent post-Rawlsian debates about the nature of distributive justice (e.g., luck vs. relational egalitarianism, or global justice). After working through these arguments, we will reflect more generally on the proper roles of reason and faith in justifying religious belief. How do you expect to learn? We will discuss the importance of specific genre conventions and broader contextual matters to the interpretation of literary texts (along the lines suggested by Quentin Skinner); the possibility of using intention to rule out mistaken and arrive at acceptable interpretations, if not a single correct interpretation (a possibility denied by such relativists as Stanley Fish); the use and meaning of metaphors; and the host of questions surrounding the intentional fallacy (the alleged result of invoking authorial intention to determine textual meaning). Frederick Rudolph, Williams College 1793-1993: Three Eras, Three Cultures, Michael S . Rorty challenged the very concept of morality and questioned all moral theory. Diamond investigated the methodology of moral philosophy, paying special attention to the role of literature. From there, we will look at extensions of and/or alternatives to first-order logic. What constitutes my knowledge of myself as a person, and does that knowledge differ in any significant respect from my knowledge of physical objects and of other people? Does it matter who is offended? Thus, Plato described the philosopher as "the one who beholds all Time and all Being." [more], We speak as if moral judgments can be true or false, warranted or unwarranted. It seems like there is still a heap of sand in my backyard. On the other hand, there is a heap of sand in my backyard. Our discussions will range over historical and contemporary works in the Western tradition. What do we mean when we talk about racial capitalism? A deranged young man who stabbed his AFL coach father to death during a psychotic episode will be allowed to leave a mental asylum after just six years.. Phil Walsh, 55, was head coach of the . The son of Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh has been charged with his murder, after the 55-year-old was found dead in his home, South Australian police . The debate between Realism and Idealism concerns whether reality is composed of mind-independent matter, or mind-like substances. If there aren't such things, how do we characterize meaningfulness instead? Most sessions will pair readings about key concepts with specific cases that raise complex ethical issues, including the concept of moral standing and, e.g., people who do not yet exist, non-human individuals, species, and complex living systems; the concept of moral responsibility and complicity in environmentally damaging practices; the legitimacy of cost-benefit analysis as an environmental policy tool; and the valuation of human lives. Students should be aware that, in the classic tradition, this class resembles a logic course. We will analyze and discuss various accounts of scientific method, structure and justification of scientific theories, scientific choice, change, and the idea that scientific knowledge is progressive in a cumulative way. The theoretical aspect of the course will involve close readings of selected articles in contemporary aesthetics, philosophy of literature and philosophy of film. Class will be primarily driven by discussion, often preceded by brief lectures. And right now there are autonomous vehicles deciding how to behave in traffic, and autonomous weapons capable of delivering lethal force. Tutorial partners will have an opportunity to spend the end of the semester working on a special topic of their choosing including, for instance, consciousness and free will, pain and anesthesia, consciousness and artificial intelligence, or disorders of consciousness. Thus, the concept of person plays a significant role in most branches of philosophy, e.g. Right? Throughout the course, we will consult and discuss the important secondary literature on Wittgenstein, and analyze different philosophical presuppositions and goals that motivate particular readings. demanded by institutions, religious, political and ethnic communities, as well as by the state. The second, longer part of the seminar will try to isolate and follow some of the pragmatist currents which run through epistemology and philosophy of science in the 20th and 21st centuries. Tragedy and philosophy were two of the finest achievements of classical Athenian civilization, and each attempts to reveal to the reader something fundamental about our shared human condition. While looking at film as art, as document, as experiment and as entertainment, we will always keep in sight specific theoretical assumptions that underlie different understandings of film, and different critical approaches to the medium. [more], This course is a survey of 17th- and 18th-century European philosophy, with a focus on metaphysics and epistemology. What sorts of things can be true or false? How do I know that I am one? [more], The sentence "Every cookie is chocolate chip and three of them are oatmeal raisin" is a perfectly grammatical sentence of English, but it's self-contradictory. in conflict. What, you may ask, is the philosophy of logic? of such projects for philosophy, this tutorial will focus on a less emphasized, but equally essential aspect of our lives: emotions. Most sessions will pair readings about key concepts with specific cases that raise complex ethical issues, including the concept of moral standing and, e.g., people who do not yet exist, non-human individuals, species, and complex living systems; the concept of moral responsibility and complicity in environmentally damaging practices; the legitimacy of cost-benefit analysis as an environmental policy tool; and the valuation of human lives. The debate never transpired - indeed, Leibniz suppressed his New Essays - because of Locke's death in 1705. He hoped it would occasion a public debate between Locke and himself, and prompt the intellectual community to decide, once and for all, between Empiricism and Rationalism, Realism and Idealism, and on related issues concerning the mind, language, truth, God, natural kinds, causation, and freedom. An example might be helpful. Black Marxism: Political Theory and Anti-Colonialism, What Philosophy Is: It's Methods, Aims and Values. Conceptions of person are equally important in science (especially in psychology), law, and the arts. We will focus our study on Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit and Marx's early writings. [more], We will study the philosophical and literary works of Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and other Existentialist thinkers of the students' choosing. We will pay special attention to the first amendment and questions concerning free speech and hate speech. We will prove soundness and completeness, compactness, the Lowenheim-Skolem theorems, undecidability and other important results about first-order logic. We will begin examining these questions by studying the history of controversies in American higher education, concentrating especially on debates about the curriculum. Yet, other lesser known experiments are equally important landmarks in research ethics, as well, such as the Willowbrook experiment, in which residents of a state home for mentally impaired children were intentionally infected with a virus that causes hepatitis, and the Kennedy-Krieger Lead Abatement study, which tested the efficacy of a new lead paint removal procedure by housing young children in partially decontaminated homes and testing those children for lead exposure. this course, we will consider the relationship between freedom and social order. In this course, we will survey the ethics of public health through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic, investigating concepts and arguments that are central to the ethics of public health research and practice. : On Justice and Freedom in Western Political Philosophy. "For any family, regardless of who it is, is one of the worst things that you could imagine that could happen to you," he said. 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