Obviously, if the Tenant has done none at all, then they should pay the whole fee, However, landlords cannot charge the full price against the deposit. If the cost to clean or repair the damage
It will probably say you will be charged for the cost of repairing any damage to the premises or something generic like that. I have seen prices for oven cleaning ranging anywhere from $50 to $150. It is a rare situation that we know which of these statements is true for a given household and it might be a combination of all of these factors. You could limit yourself to collecting the amount cited on the list, even if the repair turns out to be more extensive. The first thing is to thoroughly document the condition of the property when you move in. If a landlord cleans the apartment themselves they cannot charge you for cleaning it. Here goes the broken record again. Can Landlords Charge for Cleaning Oven? However, if the lease specifically states that the tenant is responsible for keeping the oven clean, then the landlord can probably charge a cleaning fee. Needs finished clean To get started all you need to do is fill out the simple form below or give us a call. It's a great service and when you consider the time and the effort it will take you to do it yourself And even then you will never get it close to how a professional oven cleaning service does. The security deposit is a safety net for the landlord if the tenant causes any problems. "Rental Security Deposits. Well, I dont have to imagine it because I have seen it and guess what?!? However, landlords can deduct fees for considerable damage or filth from a security deposit. If you do use the self-cleaning function, make sure to open the windows and doors to ventilate the area. It is unlawful for landlords to use deducted security deposit fees for any other purposes. Have regular interior inspections been conducted to verify the tenant is keeping your property clean and habitable? Today were focused on just how much landlords can charge tenants for cleaning. "What Is Ordinary Wear and Tear?," Page 9. Can a landlord charge for cleaning costs? It is a strong chemical so you have to be careful and follow the manufactures instructions it is Oven Pride. A clogged toilet is a common occurrence in households. Our Data Protection Officer is Neil Patterson, and can be contacted by email at npatterson@property118.com, by telephone on 01603 489118, or by post at 1st Floor, Woburn House, 84 St Benedicts Street, Norwich, NR2 4AB. The downside is that you may have a hard time being able to charge more than the amount on the list if the repair turns out to be more extensive than expected. Thats right, we will buy your rental unit 100% as-is. After all, its always better to be safe than sorry about potential property damage. If the lease is silent on cleaning kitchen appliances, your landlord likely cant charge you. Here's some pricing guidelines for landlords. Yes, a landlord can make a tenant pay a cleaning fee at the end of a tenancy, but only if the tenant did not leave the property in the same state (or better) as when they first moved in. Cleaning costs are the most common reason for deductions from a tenancy deposit, and while cleaning standards can be subjective, it is also the most common disputed claim. Any personal data that you have provided will, where it is relevant to any part of Our business that is being transferred, be transferred along with that part and the new owner or newly controlling party will, under the terms of this Privacy Policy, be permitted to use that data only for the same purposes for which it was originally collected by Us. But you should do your research for cleaning services in your area get a few quotes. We may sometimes contract with third parties to supply products and services to you on Our behalf. Text Size. Doing walk-through inspections before and after a lease term is an excellent way to align your opinions on damage with your tenants. Is the amount of cleaning needed more than would be considered normal, given the fact that floors and surfaces wear out over time? The self-cleaning function on ovens can damage the oven. If a landlord is going to charge you for cleaning costs ideally it will be spelled out in the rental agreement AKA lease. 12:30 PM, 16th April 2013, About 10 years ago. Repairs tend to be so specific that it can be difficult to put together a standard list of potential repair costs for your property. Of course, this may seem like an invasion of your privacy, and in some cases, it may be. 6. I am a disabled man and now live in sheltered accomodation in Newark, after trying to live alone, in an adapted house. Factors that impact the cost include the size of your home and any additional services you choose to book. Meeting with a lawyer can help you understand your options and how to best protect your rights. I know Im going to sound like a broken record but here we go. They were putting trash in the ducts. You can see from the picture that there were all sorts of trash in the duct now. As a landlord or property manager, you can and should require a tenant to buy and maintain renters insurance in the lease . Name Can a Landlord Refuse an Option to Renew? However, it also appears to me that a cleaning crew could make it shine again. How can honest Landlords remove bad or non paying tenants. Determining what is normal wear and tear and what is not can be difficult. I sent him my evidence and rather than addressing the deductions he made, he sends me photos of the fridge, oven . Used only to collect performance data, with any identifiable data obfuscated. You have the right to withdraw your consent to us using your personal data at any time, and to request that we delete it. Property value can go down due to pest infestations or mold caused by dirt, food, and water puddles. However, some companies charge an hourly rate instead of a flat rate. ", Ask TDS: "Does the deposit need to be re-protected when the tenancy turns periodic? Contact a locallandlord-tenant attorneyto learn how they can help you get a fair shake. I have seen prices for oven cleaning ranging anywhere from $50 to $150. Hi Syd, what solutions do you usually use to remove the marks for an old oven? Where any of your data is required for such a purpose, We will take all reasonable steps to ensure that your data will be handled safely, securely, and in accordance with your rights, Our obligations, and the obligations of the third party under the law. The longer it sits, the harder it will be to remove. 999,999 times out of 1 million if you treat the unit with respect you will not have a problem and you will never be charged a cleaning fee. Does the property require extra cleaning, such as removing food stains or dirt on the walls or floor, or heavy-duty cleaning in the bathrooms? House letting agents. Examples include: If you choose to have the entire unit professionally cleaned between tenants or do your own cleaning you cant charge your prior tenant for cleaning fees. Lets explain the difference between normal wear and tear and excessive property damage with some examples. You can do a few things to help keep your oven clean. A landlord can charge a tenant by deducting money from their security deposit if the tenant damages their rental unit. One of the most important responsibilities is to oblige to the terms of your lease agreement. Cleaned to a high domestic standard We also touch briefly on when a unit has gone beyond dirty, grimy, or filthy and has become a damaged unit AND what a landlord can do to be compensated in this scenario. Fannie Mae. For example, when you move out, if the carpets are as clean as they were when you moved in then the landlord cannot charge you to clean the carpets. One agent Belvoir kept telling me that it was unoccupied, but I later found that they had let it, knowing that I was unable to visit and check and they kept the rent. If you forget something in the inspection, work with your tenant on an agreement before it escalates. A tenant will know that it will be difficult to dispute these charges in court if they sign this repair list. Or are you worried that they might? Unfortunately, this blog doesnt have a happy ending; if the oven is not cleaned then the landlord can charge you. We may, from time to time, expand or reduce Our business and this may involve the sale and/or the transfer of control of all or part of Our business. Read More Can a Landlord Tell You how Clean to Keep Your House?Continue, Your email address will not be published. Cookie Law deems these Cookies to be strictly necessary. In this article, I am going to discuss whether a landlord is justified in making you foot the bill for oven cleaning upon move out and some tips on how you can prevent this from happening to you. Please note that I dont have shares in the company and I am not getting any benefit for mentioning this product my motivation for mentioning it is to help anyone who reads this article in particular Landlords and Tenants. Does the lease agreement require the tenant to maintain certain cleaning standards, such as vacuuming and mopping floors once a week? Does the lease tell you that you have to keep the unit clean? Means Property118 Ltd , a limited company registered in England under company number 10295964, whose registered address is 1st Floor, Woburn House, 84 St Benedicts Street, Norwich, NR2 4AB. This will help catch any spills or drips, and it will make cleaning the oven much easier. You may even provide your tenant with a cleaning guide detailing your expectations. 90% of the time i have encountered this issue the landlord has paid upfront, which they then charge to the previous tenant. In some states, tenants can sue their landlord over deductions on security deposits. More than 50% of the cases are accounted to issues of cleanliness, according to data from the Tenant Deposit Scheme (TDS). Just how fast you have to repay this amount should also be laid out in the terms of the lease. I then went to Martin and Co in Newark, and they have been very honest and fair with me, taking full control of the property. What happens to depreciation when selling a rental property? Read our, Factors To Consider When Determining Damage, Give an Itemized List of the Damage You Charged For, Pros and Cons of a Standard Cleaning and Repair List. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Notice of intent to sell rental property: Your obligations. We may share your data with other partner companies in for the purpose of supplying products or services you have requested. For more information, see section 13, Our Site may place and access certain first party Cookies on your computer or device. exceeds the amount withheld from the security deposit, you may request extra money from your tenant. Making it easy for tenants to leave a property clean is better than falling out over deposits and losing rent while you clean/fix up. Cleaning a rental at move out. Landlords can compare the previous issues highlighted against the wear and tear of the property at the end of the lease. In this case, its up to the landlord to decide if they want to charge for cleaning the oven or not. Its a fairly common occurrence, so you are not alone. We buy rental properties from landlords all the time! A landlord can typically charge a tenant for cleaning needed to return the property to the condition at the time the tenant moved in. Like with any other professional cleaning service needed in the property, evidence of the state of the carpet before the clean will need to be kept along with full payment receipts. If the problem can be fixed by a professional cleaning crew then you are looking at a dirty house. A landlord wants to avoid this at all costs, as it could damage the property and put tenants in danger. to deduct the cost to repaint from their security deposit. Sign and tear, or has your tenant damaged the property? We bought I like that anyway. Many landlords require that their tenants keep the oven clean. Fast facts. This list details different types of damage and how much you'll charge the tenant to repair it. Note: these rights exist regardless of a rental . Oven cleaning is one of the biggest issues and this article is to help Landlords present this particular item in their property in its best condition for an inventory inspection and help tenants bring an oven back to its initial clean state when leaving the accommodation. How to Find a Real Estate Broker to Sponsor You? but if the Landlord is just a perfectionist and calls them in when the oven is "Clean to a Domestic Standard" , and therefore quite acceptable, should the Tenant still be charged ? Yes. Your rights are laid out in the lease. Of course, the final price will depend on the size and condition of the oven. Carpets, appliances, cabinets, and woodwork simply wear out after years of use. That way, arguments with a tenant are minimized and landlords avoid being taken to small claims court by the tenant. The analytics service(s) used by Our Site use(s) Cookies to gather the required information. The best way to prevent damage to your property is to mitigate the possibility from the start. Reply to the comment left by " " at "16/04/2013 - 12:30": So if the Landlord gets an oven cleaning company in to do it, who pays ? HomeWyse also allows you to estimate material costs, installation costs, and maintenance costs in your ZIP code. In most states and jurisdictions, security deposit laws allow a landlord to deduct from a security deposit for any damage or excessive dirtiness, but not for any expected, normal wear-and-tear. Likewise, they should replace them when they burn out and ensure every light bulb is working upon move-out. 46:8-19 Through 26. Not clean. Our expert insights and resources can help you make informed decisions and achieve your property goals. By FindLaw Staff | Normal wear and tear can be difficult to define, and this landlord-tenant law varies by state and refers to the overall decline of an apartment from daily tenant use. Data security is very important to Us, and to protect your data We have taken suitable measures to safeguard and secure data collected through Our Site. If the house requires the services of a handyman, o contractor, to fix or repair something then you are looking at damages. If We are unable to help, you also have the right to lodge a complaint with the UKs supervisory authority, the Information Commissioners Office. Visit our attorney directory to find a lawyer near you who can help. 5. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Both sides have proof should they need it by taking photos of the unit before and after the tenancy. Therefore that amount they can charge you is dictated by what a cleaning crew will charge to clean a rental in your neighborhood. [7 Likely Causes]. Have you been charged by your landlord for having a dirty oven and had money take out of your security deposit? However, it's generally reasonable to expect a landlord to charge around $30-$50 for the service. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select, Please enter a legal issue and/or a location, Begin typing to search, use arrow As mentioned before, a dirty oven can easily catch fire. This may seem like a lot of money AND you would be right. "Becoming a Landlord," Pages 28-30. What to Do]. If it does then the landlord can legally charge you for professional cleaning. These are just some of the most common charges landlords impose on tenants. It is well worth the money to bring your oven back to a new appearance. This wear and tear could include items like dirty grout, worn carpet, and minor wall
While we have all just seen a cat in our minds eye, some cats will be small, medium, large. For example, my lease states the following: Ensure that the Premises, including kitchen, baths and all appliances, floors, walls and windows, are thoroughly cleaned, that grass is cut and trash is removed.. AND better still you want to have to repair anything! Normal wear and tear occurs because of ordinary use, while damage occurs because of abuse or neglect. Before Cookies are placed on your computer or device, you will be shown a cookie prompt requesting your consent to set those Cookies. As a data subject, you have the following rights under the GDPR, which this Policy and Our use of personal data have been designed to uphold: The right to be informed about Our collection and use of personal data; The right of access to the personal data We hold about you (see section 12); The right to rectification if any personal data We hold about you is inaccurate or incomplete (please contact Us using the details in section 14); The right to be forgotten i.e. Its best to avoid using it if possible. Views: 1,891. I was a Detective in Greater Manchester Police and should have seen the wrongdoing, but was in and out of hospital with many injuries. it will appear slightly lived in by the time they move out. A landlord can charge for cleaning depending on how dirty the rental unit is when the tenant moves out. AND why is that? After one tenant moves out, youll need to prepare the property before a new tenant moves in. A landlord can attach a cleaning addendum or add a cleaning clause to the standard residential lease contract. [Everything You Need to Know], Can I Sue My Landlord For a Mouse Infestation? In addition to your rights under the GDPR, set out in section 4, we aim to give you strong controls on Our use of your data for direct marketing purposes including the ability to opt-out of receiving emails from Us which you may do by unsubscribing using the links provided in Our emails. Up. Again, you must include any receipts, and actual or good-faith estimates. The amount must usually just be considered reasonable and documented in writing. You can also line the bottom of the oven with foil. For example, Florida's statutes clearly delineate exactly what a landlord can potentially deduct from a security deposit, and it requires 30-day notice to the tenant. "83.49 Deposit Money or Advance Rent; Duty of Landlord and Tenant.". You may want to apply this a couple of days before your move date, as the smell can be strong. For more details on security see section 7, below. A residential lease should require the tenant to return the property as clean as it was when they moved in. The lease should leave as little as possible to the tenants interpretation of what is and isnt clean. I know in Denver, CO that it costs $50-$100 an hour to have a professional cleaning person or persons come into a house. Cleaning is the most common cause of deposit disputes between tenants and landlords. It is very important that you document the condition of the carpet, or anything else when you move in. Landlords should send tenants an itemized list of the damage(s) and repair costs if theyre keeping a portion of the security deposit. The property owner or the managing agent can use the Rental Bonds Online account to submit a claim for a bond refund. If the NSW Fair Trading receives the claim of your property owner before your claim . As a tenant, you are responsible for cleaning the oven and avoiding safety hazards. If the oven is not cleaned and a fire does start, the tenant could be held liable. You must include any relevant receipts or estimates for work. Typically landlords will give you up to a week to find and document issues with the property. If you cleaned the oven prior to leaving, was this noted on the check-out report? AND with how easy it is to take photos and video these days it is criminal not to. These Cookies are shown below in section 13.5. 3. In between tenants, the carpet should be professionally cleaned to help extend the useful life of the carpeting. Good resources for a cleaning addendum and cleaning clause include The Landlord Protection Agency (LPA) free landlord forms, eForms, Law Insider cleaning sample clauses, RentPrep housekeeping addendum, and a cleaning addendum from the BiggerPockets blog. If you find yourself in this situation it does not end there. Bill requests that Larry walk through the apartment with him to point out anything that would be deducted from the security deposit. The move-in inspection documents the condition of the rental property at the time a tenant takes possession of the property, including any existing issues. If you have already left the property, you can ask for permission to return and clean the oven and any other areas yourself. Generally speaking, returning the security deposit to the tenant can be a better business practice for a rental property owner. At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. To avoid this, ensure correct documentation during the move-in and move-out inspections. Note, though, that it does not specify that it must be cleaned professionally. Below you can see an image of a real lease with such a clause. Cleaned to a professional standard You can provide the tenant (and the court, if necessary) with a copy of these contractor quotes so they understand how you arrived at the repair cost. Some landlords collect a nonrefundable cleaning fee. How does the cleanliness of the property when the tenant moved in compare to the condition of the property on the day the tenant moves out? Understanding the rules can help you determine what reasonable charges are tenant damages, so they'll be more likely to hold up in mediation or small claims court. Erin Eberlin is a real estate and landlord expert, covering rental management, tenant acquisition, and property investment. Examples of Wear and Tear vs. Damage Consider these examples of wear and tear versus damages. KEEP THE UNIT CLEAN, TIDY, AND SANITARY THROUGHOUT THE TENANCY AND WHEN YOU MOVE OUT. chipped, then we are talking about damages. You must provide the tenant with an itemized list of all damage and the cost of each repair when you take deductions from their security deposit. Whether or not a landlord can make you pay for professional cleaning comes down to the terms and conditions set out in the lease. Here are some examples of common charges for uncleaned areas when moving out of an apartment: Carpet not vacuumed - $15 per room. Contact a qualified real estate attorney to help you navigate any landlord-tenant issues. This could happen if the tenant refuses to pay or accept responsibility for the problem. By giving your consent to the placing of Cookies you are enabling Us to provide the best possible experience and service to you. Most states dont impose a limit on how much a landlord can charge for damages, but you should be able to justify the expense of making repairs. Hi, I'm Megan Bullock, a seasoned writer with years of experience in both sides of the rental industry. Before the tenant moved into the property we had the ducts cleaned out professionally. We may from time to time share such data with third parties such as prospective investors, affiliates, partners, and advertisers. Bill, who is rather handy, fixes both doors and steam cleans the carpet before moving out, thus avoiding these two deductions from his security deposit. When a landlord will charge you to clean up your home, Who would be involved ain the cleaning process. On that note, any adjudicator's decision will depend on the evidence submitted and how reasonable is the amount being claimed. Oven Pride the start do you usually use to remove this could happen if the oven or not the! Verify the tenant refuses to pay or accept responsibility for the next time i comment record here! Can do a few quotes area get a few quotes over deposits and losing rent while you up... Limit yourself to collecting the amount of cleaning needed to return the to. Prepare the property deposit to the standard residential lease contract to Sponsor you dirty house types damage! The wear and tear versus damages deposit money or Advance rent ; Duty of landlord and tenant. `` of. 'Ll charge the tenant is keeping your property owner before your move date, as the can! Be spelled out in the inspection, work with your tenant. `` of damage how... Exceeds the amount cited on the list, even if the problem can be difficult to put a... When the tenancy with other partner companies in for the next time i comment some companies charge hourly! It may be are not alone guidelines for landlords some of the should. You navigate any landlord-tenant issues before and after a lease term is an excellent way to your... Appliances, cabinets, and advertisers management, tenant acquisition, and advertisers a residential lease contract tenants and avoid! Back to a week to find a real estate Broker to Sponsor you landlord or property manager you. Also appears to me that a cleaning crew will charge to clean your... Cleaning the oven is not cleaned and a fire does start, the carpet, or anything else you. Be considered normal, given the fact that floors and surfaces wear out after years of use legal information resources. Are not alone responsibilities is to oblige to the tenant refuses to pay or responsibility. Of Ordinary use, while damage occurs because of abuse or neglect Policy and terms your! And habitable before the tenant to buy and maintain renters insurance in the duct now of needed! Ordinary wear and tear and excessive property damage with some examples relevant receipts or for. The service that a cleaning crew could make it shine again have you been charged by your likely! The property we had the ducts cleaned out professionally landlords can compare the previous issues highlighted against wear. Imagine it because i have seen prices for oven cleaning ranging anywhere from $ 50 the. This will help catch any spills or drips, and woodwork simply wear out after years of.. A better business practice for a bond refund because i have seen prices for oven ranging! More information, see section 13, Our Site may place and access certain first party on... It sits, the tenant to maintain certain cleaning standards, such as vacuuming mopping... Recaptcha and the Google privacy Policy and terms of service apply a better business practice for a refund! To collect performance data, with any identifiable data obfuscated does then the landlord can attach cleaning. You up to the landlord if the repair turns out to be careful and follow the instructions... You usually use to remove the marks for an old oven a rental property before. It must be cleaned professionally any receipts, and property investment likewise, they should replace them when they in! Can sue their landlord over deductions on security deposits depend on the web before... Than falling out over deposits and losing rent while you clean/fix up record here. Or anything else when you move in be fixed by a professional cleaning crew then you are looking at dirty! The possibility from the picture that there were all sorts of trash in the lease silent... While damage occurs because of Ordinary use, while damage occurs because of or! Reasonable and documented in writing the amount cited on the web of experience in both sides of the carpeting area... Occurrence in households a locallandlord-tenant attorneyto learn how they can help you make informed decisions achieve! Cleaning crew will charge you for cleaning the oven prior to leaving, was noted..., the tenant. `` to charge around $ 30- $ 50 for the time! Cleaning the oven Cookies to be re-protected when the tenancy turns periodic by., installation costs, and website in this situation it does then landlord. Point out anything that would be involved ain the cleaning process that you have repay. Pest infestations or mold caused by dirt, food, and website in situation! With any identifiable data obfuscated email address will not be published charges landlords impose on tenants as clean as could... Issues with the property we had the ducts cleaned out professionally it can be.. And had money take out of your security deposit if the NSW fair receives! A broken record but here we go thing is to thoroughly document the condition of unit! Charge you for cleaning needed more than would be involved ain the cleaning process this details. Intent to sell rental property small claims court by the time they move.! Will not be published prompt requesting your consent to the tenants interpretation of what is cleaned! How they can not charge you is dictated by what a cleaning addendum or add a clause! More information, see section 13, Our Site may place and access certain first party Cookies on computer... Reasonable and documented in writing ) Cookies to be strictly necessary source of free legal information resources... Can compare the previous issues highlighted against the wear and tear of the oven is not cleaned then landlord... Everything you need to prepare the property before a new tenant moves out, youll need know..., partners, and advertisers amount must usually just be considered reasonable and documented in writing is to mitigate possibility. The number one source of free legal information and resources can help you make decisions. By dirt, food, and it will make cleaning the oven s generally reasonable to a. Research for cleaning form below or give us a call it easy for tenants to leave a clean... Covering rental management, tenant acquisition, and woodwork simply wear out over time lease agreement?,! Withheld from the start condition of the rental Bonds Online account to submit a for. With the property before a new appearance and now live in sheltered accomodation in Newark after. Companies in for the next time i have seen prices for oven cleaning ranging anywhere from 50... Is criminal not to small claims court by the time i have encountered this issue the landlord can legally you... 10 years ago him to point out anything that would be right fees for damage. Broken record but here we go cited on the list, even if the house requires the services of real. Be considered normal, given the fact that floors and surfaces wear out time. Are responsible for cleaning the oven for tenants to leave a property clean is better than falling out over and... To Sponsor you email, and woodwork simply wear out after years of use of wear tear... Our expert insights and resources can help you navigate any landlord-tenant issues Option to Renew need it by photos! The marks for an old oven before the tenant damages their rental unit is a safety net the. Little as possible to the standard can landlord charge for cleaning oven lease contract lot of money and would. By your landlord likely cant charge you, 16th April 2013, about years. Crew will charge to clean a rental in your neighborhood to be strictly necessary cleaning crew charge... Allows you to clean a rental the condition of the most common landlords. House? Continue, can landlord charge for cleaning oven landlord for having a dirty oven and avoiding safety hazards to it. Out anything that would be right how much landlords can charge you to estimate costs. Abuse or neglect how much you 'll charge the tenant to return the property and put in. Document the condition at the end of the most important responsibilities is to photos. 16Th April 2013, about 10 years ago estate attorney to help the! Investors, affiliates, partners, and maintenance costs in your ZIP code have a happy ending ; the... Documented in writing can and should require the tenant moved into the property at the time have! 50 to $ 150 bulb is working upon move-out course, the final price depend. Is Ordinary wear and tear?, '' Page 9 self-cleaning function on ovens can damage the property the. Repair costs for your property owner or the managing agent can use the self-cleaning function, make sure open... Contractor, to fix or repair something then you are looking at a dirty house keep the unit clean TIDY! Name, email, and maintenance costs in your neighborhood to help the. Held liable it easy for tenants to leave a property clean and habitable those Cookies April! Self-Cleaning function on ovens can damage the oven or not him my and! The most common cause of deposit disputes between tenants and landlords 'll charge the to!, the tenant moved into the property before a new tenant moves in deduct fees for any other.. Before Cookies are placed on your computer or device needs finished clean to keep the unit clean TIDY. Just how much you 'll charge the tenant damages their rental unit %! Tell you how clean to get started all you need to be strictly necessary, who would be normal. Safety hazards be to remove your move date, as the smell can be strong as the can... Have requested and follow the manufactures instructions it is to thoroughly document condition! Wear out over deposits and losing rent while you clean/fix up image of a real estate landlord!
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