Our results suggest that functional enhancement of two night-vision genes, namely, GRK1 and SLC24A1, underlies the . Scarce on east coast in winter. ADULT FEMALE Mottled buffy brown, with a shorter tail than male. Observation Tips Often forages at low levels in bushes. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae. Their oddly shaped beaks are adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. A total of 134 blood samples were collected during a four-year period . In winter, its precise occurrence is unpredictable and flocks soon abandon previously favored sites if food supply is exhausted. Orange-buff fringes wear during winter, revealing black and white plumage by spring. The CD-Rom, Flight Calls of Migratory Birds, Evans W. R. and O'Brien, M. 2002, describes the nocturnal call notes of many North American migrants. Sexes are separable. Cajun flamingos are also known as roseate spoonbills. Habitat Locally common summer visitor (mainly Apr-Aug) to Texas, Louisiana, and adjacent states. "Check-list of North and Middle American Birds", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_birds_of_Louisiana&oldid=1125438218, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 December 2022, at 00:48. The males have black wings, whereas the females have brown feathers. One species is classed as hypothetical. A Ruby-throated hummingbird can weigh anything from 2 to 6 grams as an adult. Southern subspecies are similar, but without streaks on breast. Subtly colorful corvid, with the body proportions and bill shape of Clarks Nutcracker. JUVENILE Recalls adult female, but blue-gray elements of plumage are buff and bill is darker. ADULT NONBREEDING MALE Has rusty brown feather edges over much of body, which slowly wear away such that plumage is usually pristine black by late winter. Range New England, Rocky Mountains, Southwest, Mid-Atlantic, Texas, Western Canada, Southeast, Florida, Plains, California, Eastern Canada, Great Lakes, Northwest, Alaska. The White-throated Sparrow has black, brown, and white stripes on its wings, head, and feathers. Breeds in Arctic, west from Hudson Bay. At that time, Chipping has richer brown upperparts, with more contrasting face pattern: darker eyestripe, paler supercilium, and more rufous crown. Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae. Herons and egrets are wading birds with long necks and legs. All are insectivorous. JUVENILE Similar to winter adult. The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large rail, but is skeletally closer to the cranes. Migration is mainly at sea, but a few turn up on inland freshwater pools. Male & female Pileated Woodpeckers have subtly different looks. Range Eastern Canada, Alaska, California, Rocky Mountains, Plains, Southeast, Western Canada, New England, Northwest, Great Lakes, Texas, Florida, Southwest, Mid-Atlantic. What are the Most Common Backyard Birds of Louisiana. ADULT NONBREEDING (seen in fall) Retains some chestnut on flanks and striking wing bars, but has yellowish green upperparts and gray face and throat, grading to otherwise whitish underparts. The physical form and size of men and females are identical. They are available in nine different huesmaking them simple to recognize. Male performs spectacular courtship display in flight. Observation Tips Most fish-rich lakes within breeding range support a pair in summer. American woodcocks. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Pale-eyed blackbird with a slender bill. Territorial male utters a loud, shrieking call, followed by bout of vigorous wing beating. Males drumming display is created by rapid wingbeats. If the bird feeders include suet and other similar foods, they will visit them on a pretty regular schedule. Females deposit eggs, which they wait on until they hatch. Observation Tips Breeding grounds are hard to access, so easiest to see in winter. The Downy Woodpecker has white spots on its wings and a white belly. The male provides sustenance for his young as well as the female. IMMATURES Similar to respective-sex winter adults. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Favored habitat and altitudinal range are also useful pointers. The woman, who is from Chibolo, Magdalena in Colombia, took a video of the incident. Discussion Elegant wetland bird whose plumage varies markedly according to time of year and age. Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae. Sexes are very subtly dissimilar. One of the tiniest songbirds in North America is the White-eyed Vireo, commonly known as Vireo griseus. Spoonbills stand 3 feet tall with a 4-foot wingspan. The songs typically last 2 to 3 seconds. Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Range Great Lakes, Western Canada, California, Southwest, Florida, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Eastern Canada, Northwest, New England, Rocky Mountains, Texas, Plains. Nests colonially. A White-eyed Vireos body length can range from 4.3 to 5.1 inches (11 to 13 cm), with a wingspan of almost 6.7 inches (17 cm). These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils. Their beak is large and robust, and their heads feature a shaggy crest. Threatened by habitat loss. Locally common high Arctic tundra breeder. An adults body length can range from 7.5-7.9 inches, and its wingspan can be about 15.3-16.1 inches. It travels widely throughout the United States, mostly to feeders. Molted feathers, as well as those obtained from the road- or window-killed birds, are not excluded. Forms flocks outside breeding season. One of the hardest North American species to observe. They also have brownish tails. The Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey containing the falcons and caracaras. The White-throated Sparrows forehead is adorned with white, black, or light-skinned stripes. They receive their name from the ruby red complexion of their neck. A Professional theme for architects, construction and interior designers Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. Discussion Structurally rather similar to Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees, but separable by plumage differences, notably the striking white supercilium (although this is less obvious in summer when plumage is worn). Short, dark bill appears blob-tipped (longer and tapering in Western). Dimensions Length: 3 3/4-4 1/2 (10-11 cm). Some of these birds may also be active on and off during the day, but they're mainly active at sunset. Description ADULT SUMMER Has mainly gray upperparts, but head and neck, along with breast and belly, are black; note white vent and undertail coverts, slightly forked tail, and gray upperparts. Sexes are similar. Their tail is likewise blue and has a large white belly. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. Blackish, rounded breast band shows clear demarcation from white underparts. Their necks are similarly adorned with blackish-brown rings. Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae. Barred Owl Latin name: Strix varia Why they are nocturnal: Hunts at night Where they are found: North America Size: Length: 19 to 20 inches (48 to 50 cm); Weight: 1.10 to 2.31 pounds (500 to 1,050 g); Wingspan: 38 to 49 inches (96 to 125 cm) Diet: Meadow voles, mice, shrews, squirrels, rabbits, birds Most eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or sand. They have great and exquisite music with about 20 different rhythm variations. Family: Phasianidae, Pheasants and Grouse. Fairly common on large lakes in breeding season. 8. In addition to providing audio files, Evans and O'Brien describe each call in detail, with the following entry for Louisiana Waterthrush: The Ruby-throated Hummingbird has metallic green upperparts and white-grey underparts. Nape is gray, crown is brown, and has whitish supercilium; brown ear coverts are defined above by dark eyestripe and below by dark malar stripe, and note white mustache and throat. In summer, has black back with white checkerboard-like pattern of white spots, white underparts, black throat, and otherwise gray head and neck, with black and white stripes on side; in winter, has mainly dark upperparts and white underparts, throat, and front of neck. The physical form and size of men and females are identical. Breeding grounds are hard to access, so easiest to see in winter. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. As soon as the winter is through, they return to the North. Shows role reversal at nest and breeding females are brighter than males. The birds top portions, back, and wings are olive to dark, with black and white flanks.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'birdadviser_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',108,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-birdadviser_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); In their eyes, there is a white ring. Observation Tips Easy to see at breeding colonies in summer months although sometimes abandons previously used sites if water levels are not suitable. In terms of your house, the noise will most likely occur during the early morning and late evening, when squirrels are entering and exiting the home. In winter, black V is obscured by pale feather tips. Discussion Male is colorful and unmistakable; adult female is also distinctive. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. Ipswich Sparrow breeds on Sable Island, Nova Scotia and winters on Atlantic coast, favoring dunes. The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. As the name says, their necks are whitish. Many are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans. ADULT FEMALE Similar to nonbreeding male. Breeds on inland freshwater marshes and coastal salt marshes; birds migrate to coastal habitats for winter. Males are brighter and have more dazzling colors than females of this species. The official wildflower of Louisiana is the Iris giganticaerulea, commonly known as the Louisiana iris. Tail is forked and relatively long, but outer feathers are not so long and streamerlike. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. ADULT Has gray back and darkish wings; pale fringes to inner flight feathers and coverts are less striking than in Black-capped. The male provides sustenance for his young as well as the female.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'birdadviser_com-medrectangle-1','ezslot_14',113,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-birdadviser_com-medrectangle-1-0');report this ad. Florida ssp. Some altitudinal migration sometimes occurs in winter. Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, Eastern Canada, Texas, Southwest, Florida, Rocky Mountains, New England, Great Lakes, Plains. Starlings are small to medium-sized passerines with strong feet. From above, reddish inner wing coverts (shoulders) and head contrast with otherwise dark plumage, but note the strongly barred tail. Underparts are dark blue-gray with black and whitish barring on flanks, belly, and undertail coverts. Three to six eggs are laid by the female White-eyed Vireo. Voice Song is a tinkling series of twittering whistles; calls include a soft tiu. There arent that many pelicans species in the world, to begin with, but this one is quite special. Theyre also one of the most common swallow species on the planet. These owls are nocturnal predators, so they are often difficult to spot during the day. Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae. Discussion Dumpy and rather secretive waterbird. Crown is yellowish and face is white, but with broad, blackish line through eye and blackish mustache line. These birds enjoy open areas and can even be seen around airports. as an adult. Nonbreeding bird is similar, but with duller bill and leg colors, and less extensive black on face. Is it lawful in Louisiana to kill egrets? Southeast, Texas, Eastern Canada, Southwest, Northwest, California, Florida, Plains, New England, Rocky Mountains, Great Lakes, Mid-Atlantic. Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae. The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerines. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country. Such species are also migratory, moving from one part of the country to the next. A guidebook can also help you recognize the most common garden birds in your region. Within Louisianas boundaries, more than 470 bird species have been identified. They are very small insectivorous birds. By first winter, it recalls respective sex winter adult, but with more extensive orange-buff on face and underparts. ADULT MALE NONBREEDING (sometimes seen in fall) Recalls breeding male, but red elements of plumage become yellowish green. The Pileated Woodpecker is a North American medium-sized woodpecker. Forms flocks outside breeding season. Pacific Loon G. pacifica (L 24-26 in) is smaller, with a daintier bill. Their tail is lengthy, with white dots or borders running down the length of it. Legs and bill are black. Voice Song comprises chattering and warbling notes, preceded by thin tsee-tsee-tsee notes; call is a raspy ddit. These majestic birds prefer to hunt under the cover of darkness, using their incredible hearing to locate their next meal. Unobtrusive when feeding among seaweed and rocks. JUVENILE Recalls adult female but is browner overall. Eastern Canada, Mid-Atlantic, Florida, Great Lakes, Northwest, Western Canada, Plains, New England, California, Texas, Rocky Mountains, Southwest, Southeast, Alaska. In addition, the male Indigo Buntings wings have a blackish tint. Elegant waterbird. Flushed from the marsh, it darts away in zigzag flight, uttering harsh notes. The Brown Thrashers female lays 3 to 5 eggs, which she watches till they develop. The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. Buoyant and aerobatic flight is used to good effect when hawking insects or picking food items from waters surface. Long-billed grassland bird that often sings from roadside posts. The Brown Thrasher eats the nuts, grain, grapes, or buds of several birds. Check out these 20 nocturnal birds. Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae. Sexes are similar. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. ADULT NONBREEDING FEMALE Has rusty brown edges to many feathers; color is particularly striking on head (where supercilium contrasts with darker eyestripe), back, and tertials. Description ADULT MALE In breeding season has blue-gray face, neck, and breast, but note black between base of bill and eye, continuing as line down to center of chest. The eyes of the Eastern Towhee are crimson. Let's get to it! While the vast majority hunt for prey, a few . All birds have reddish orange legs and striking black and white pattern in flight. But, specific identification is tricky where range overlaps with Western Meadowlark. ADULT FEMALE Has yellowish green plumage overall, with darker wings and tail. They eat grains and seeds from a wide range of small plants and herbs. New England, Rocky Mountains, Southwest, Mid-Atlantic, Texas, Western Canada, Southeast, Florida, Plains, California, Eastern Canada, Great Lakes, Northwest, Alaska. Ruby-throated hummingbirds have a body length of 7 to 9 cm and a wingspan of 8 to 11 cm. Are There any Nocturnal Seabirds? Forms flocks outside breeding season. ADULT Has blue plumage overall, darkest on crown, back, and wings, and palest on throat and belly; note streaking on throat. The body length of a White-throated Sparrow is 15 to 19 cm (5.9 to 7.5 in), with a wingspan of around 23 cm. Voice Territorial male utters a sharp, repeated kiki durr, kiki durr, mainly after dark. Range California, Rocky Mountains, Mid-Atlantic, Eastern Canada, Southeast, Texas, New England, Western Canada, Southwest, Alaska, Florida, Plains, Great Lakes, Northwest. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. Dark tail feather bars appear as concentric rings on fanned tail. Local and easily overlooked. Underparts are otherwise gray-buff. BirdWatchingSpot.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. More often than not, we hear nocturnal birds rather than see them. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. princeps is much paler overall, with sandy buff upperparts. Has dark bill and beady red eye. Common in riverside and swamp woodland, usually near water. Given this variation, sexes are similar. Nightjars. Sexes are strikingly dissimilar. Discussion Fairly distinctive when breeding, but nonbreeding birds are similar to Chipping Sparrow. Widespread and fairly common resident of pinyonjuniper forests; declining, probably due to habitat loss and degradation, and on the Audubon Watchlist. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. The females are larger than the males, with a greater wingspan and heavier weight, due to reversal dimorphism. ADULT NONBREEDING MALE Recalls breeding male, but back has orange-buff feather fringes, and similar color is seen on tertial margins and on fringes of feathers of crown, nape, ear coverts, and flanks. Sexes are separable. Tiny shorebird with dark legs; webbing between toes is only noticeable at very close range. They are the only birds that can fly backwards. Formerly a student of Sherry's, Henry is now his colleague. Dept. Takes to the air noisily and explosively when flushed. ADULT FEMALE Similar to adult male, but smaller and with shorter tail. Albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. Black feathers on neck form a ruff when displaying; otherwise hard to see. They also eat a wide range of nuts, grapes, and veggies. Observation Tips Easy to overlook, so listen for its song. All birds have reddish orange legs and striking black and white pattern in flight. A variety of native bird species may be found in Louisiana. Formerly common, but now threatened: numbers have declined catastrophically in recent decades. Adult male is unmistakable and slightly less colorful female is hard to confuse. Males have one black tail and upper body, while females have one brown tail and upper chest. Typically skulks along marsh margins, its long toes allowing it to walk over soft mud or floating plants. JUVENILE Similar to adult. This birds coloration is stunning and gleaming. Dark tail feather bars appear as concentric rings on fanned tail. Fairly distinctive when breeding, but nonbreeding birds are similar to. Females have a grey-white underbelly and brown and dark brown upper parts. Females and juvenile Pine Warblers have a body-color that differs somewhat from males. Forms flocks outside breeding season. Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae. Favors open country and farmland. Subtle plumage variations exist among the several recognized subspecies that occur across its wide range, but all adults show striking reddish orange shoulders. Adopts an upright posture when perched and mostly employs a sit-and-wait hunting approach, scanning ground from an unobtrusive woodland perch (typically a branch); feeds on small mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and large insects. Toxostoma rufum, often known as the Brown Thrasher, is a large bird that belongs to the Mimidae species of thrashers. Description ADULT In summer, has bold patches of orange-red on back, white underparts, and bold black and white markings on head. Observation Tips Fairly easy to find if you visit the high Arctic in spring. It was placed in its own family in 2017. ADULT FEMALE Mottled buffy brown, with a shorter tail than male. Buoyant and aerobatic flight is used to good effect when hawking insects or picking food items from waters surface. Habitat Fairly common on large lakes in breeding season. Range Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, Eastern Canada, Texas, Southwest, Florida, Rocky Mountains, New England, Great Lakes, Plains. These birds coexist with other species of owls in areas where rice fields, sugar cane, and marshlands are plentiful. An adult males typical weight is around 20 g. Females are smaller, lighter, and have a smaller wingspan than males. Habitat Locally common high Arctic tundra breeder. Sexes are similar. Description ADULT ssp. Bill is slender and dark and legs are blackish. A wet woodland species. Head is streaked brown, and feathers on upperparts are boldly marked with black, white, and brown; note the reddish shoulders. In flight, seen from below, body and wing coverts are barred pale reddish orange, while flight feathers and tail are barred black and white (black bands wider than the white); note pale bases to primaries, which form a narrow band. The Eastern Towhee consumes a wide variety of tiny insects, such as mosquitoes, bugs, and caterpillars. Wonderfully colorful, but easy to overlook when perched in dappled foliage, and because it often favors tree canopy for feeding. Voice Song is a two-part, buzzing trill (bzzzrt-tzeee), preceded by two or three chip notes; call is a thin stip. Sexes are strikingly dissimilar. Discussion Plump-bodied bunting with fluffy-looking plumage and a stubby bill. Note the white eyering. Western Canada, Great Lakes, Rocky Mountains, New England, Florida, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Plains, Texas, California, Southwest, Eastern Canada. Northwest, Plains, Texas, Western Canada, Southwest, California, Alaska, Rocky Mountains. JUVENILE Rather uniformly pale blue-gray. If you find one Pinyon Jay, you are likely to find lots. Easy to overlook, so listen for its song. lineatus (the typical subspecies in east) Has mostly faintly barred reddish orange underparts, dark streaking on breast; vent feathers are whitish. They are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. JUVENILE Recalls adult counterparts but is dark brown above and paler below, heavily streaked on breast, with dark-tipped primaries and more evenly barred tail. Southwest, Southeast, Northwest, Plains, New England, Western Canada, Eastern Canada, Texas, Mid-Atlantic, California, Great Lakes, Rocky Mountains. Outside breeding season, found on range of coastal habitats; rocky shores with extensive strandline are ideal. In their pupils, yellow specks emerge. Bill is slender and dark and legs are blackish. The Brown Pelican is the official bird of Louisiana, and it has been a symbol of the state since the advent of European settlers, who were captivated by the pelican's loving attitude toward their young. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act makes it illegal to possess feathers and other components of native North American birds without a license. Similar Species Yellow-billed Loon G. adamsii (L 34-35 in) has similar summer and winter plumage. Migrates mainly overland, sometimes in flocks, and winters on coasts and at sea from Central to South America. Description ADULT Has gray back and darkish wings; pale fringes to inner flight feathers and coverts are less striking than in Black-capped. Heard more often than it is seen. Unlike many other speciesthey do not create open nestsrather; they use the cracks in tree trunks to build their nests inside. Sexes are similar. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of blood parasites in nocturnal raptors (Strigiformes order) and their effect on hematological parameters. Sexes are dissimilar. They are usually spotted in ponds and canals, searching for their food. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance. Sexes are dissimilar. Common summer visitor (May-Sep) to barren northern tundra, from northern Canada and Greenland west; winters widely across southern Canada and northern U.S. in grassy fields; occasionally seen on beaches. Easily recognized as a meadowlark and recognition as such is straightforward across most of its eastern range where it is the only meadowlark species present. States like Texas and Mississippi border Louisiana, and as a result, they share a lot of birds.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'birdadviser_com-box-3','ezslot_2',101,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-birdadviser_com-box-3-0'); Birds in Louisiana range from common species like the Northern Cardinal to uncommon species like the Western Kingbird. They have a lovely look with plumage that is a blend of black, white, brown, and red colors. Forms flocks outside breeding season. Habitat Widespread and common nesting species beside tundra pools. Inner flight feathers and greater coverts look reddish brown in most birds; note also two subtle pale wing bars. Listen for males drumming in spring. Underparts are pale olive-gray. Nests colonially. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Breeding adults are stunning but seldom remain in pristine plumage for long. Nuthatches are small woodland birds. Observation Tips Easy to see on coasts, Aug-Apr; early arrivals and late departures sometimes seen in summer plumage. Both the male and female sit on the eggs until they hatch. Range Plains, Great Lakes, Northwest, Western Canada, California, Florida, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Eastern Canada, New England, Alaska, Rocky Mountains, Texas, Southwest. Discussion Tiny shorebird with dark legs; webbing between toes is only noticeable at very close range. ADULT MALE In breeding season has blue-gray face, neck, and breast, but note black between base of bill and eye, continuing as line down to center of chest. They go south in the winter as seasonal hummingbird subspecies. This bird consumes insects that are captured in mid-flight by this breed. Possessing a black crown and a blue-grey rear, they have a white patch, flanks, as well as chest. These tiny angels are lovely, yet youall know how bashful they can be. 3. Sexes are similar, but geographical variation is discernible with care. Insects and hornets are other favorites of the Tufted Titmouse. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Long, pointed bill held horizontally or only slightly elevated. Great Lakes, Western Canada, California, Southwest, Florida, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, Eastern Canada, Northwest, New England, Rocky Mountains, Texas, Plains. They have a lovely song that they sing to attract mates. By first winter, it recalls respective sex winter adult, but with more extensive orange-buff on face and underparts. The Brown Thrasher eats mostly small insects and worms. Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae. But, specific identification is tricky where range overlaps with. This list of birds of Louisiana includes species credibly documented in the U.S. state of Louisiana, as accepted by the Louisiana Bird Records Committee (LBRC) of the Louisiana Ornithological Society. Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae. JUVENILE Similar to adult female. Fairly common summer visitor (mainly May-Aug) to grassland and prairies; winters in similar habitats, mainly in Mexico (scarce in southern Texas). Belly is pale and flanks are barred brown, black, and white. ADULT FEMALE Similar, but has less well-marked upperparts and is marginally paler on underparts. Captive-bred violet-blue forms are sometimes released and can be confused with male Japanese Green Pheasant (P. versicolor, sometimes classified as a separate species). The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked.
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