There are four principal parks Borisova gradina in the city centre and the Southern, Western and Northern parks. [122] Districts and settlements have their own governor who is elected in a popular election. [53][54], The geographic position of the Sofia Valley limits the flow of air masses, increasing the chances of air pollution by particulate matter and nitrogen oxide. We also sponsor a peer-training network for large jail administrators, including meetings and an online discussion forum. Demographic Information. Texts by Marazov, Ivan; Venedikov, Ivan; Fol, Alexander; Tacheva, Margarita. This document also provides guidelines for designing a classification system specifically for women. Inmate Detail - CANO-CIFUENTES, JUAN LUIS. Sofia applied to host the Winter Olympic Games in 1992 and in 1994, coming second and third respectively. Heinrichs. [citation needed] During the war, Sofia was flown by the Romanian Air Corps, which engaged on photoreconnaissance operations and threw propaganda pamphlets to the city. The data says that roughly a third of the total population have already earned a university degree. [70] During the October 2017 March 2018 heating season, particulate levels exceeded the norm on 70 occasions;[69] on 7 January 2018, PM10 levels reached 632g/m3,[72] some twelve times the EU norm of 50g/m3. Sofia also connects The Near East and The Middle East, lying between the banks of the Danube and the shores of the White Sea on the one hand, and between the Black Sea and the Adriatic on the other. The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction maintains a uniform and objective classification level system that places incarcerated individuals in the appropriate facility to ensure the safety and security of other incarcerated individuals and staff, the institution, and the community. Sofia's development as a significant settlement owes much to its central position in the Balkans. The city has an extensive green belt. 61. Overall, Sofia has 186km (116 miles) of railway lines. Inmate Inquiry. At this time the city was renamed Sredets (The Center), because of its central strategic location. In the 500s BC, the area became part of a Thracian state union, the Odrysian kingdom from another Thracian tribe the Odrysses. [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". [74] However, a report by the European Court of Auditors issued in September 2018 revealed that Sofia has not drafted any projects to reduce air pollution from heating. Prison classification is a method of assessing inmate risks that balance security requirements with program needs. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. [69][70] As a result, air pollution levels in Sofia are some of the highest in Europe. Several smaller parks, among which the Vazrazhdane Park, Zaimov Park, City Garden and the Doctors' Garden, are located in central Sofia. Sofia is relatively close to the capitals of most Balkan countries: Ankara is 1,012 km; Athens is 837 km; Beograd is 374 km; Bucharest is 395 km; Zagreb is 762 km; Ljubljana is 897 km; Sarajevo is 549 km; Skopje is 239 km; Tirana is 553 km. Effective offender classification is essential in corrections, not only to support daily management and administration, but also to keep the system responsive to changing offender demographics, sentencing statutes, and agency policy. During the Second World War, Bulgaria declared war on the US and UK on 13 December 1941 and in late 1943 and early 1944 the US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia. The oldest church in Sofia is the Saint George Rotunda. [48], Summers are quite warm and sunny. As incarcerated individuals progress to lower security levels, they receive additional privileges and autonomy to make pro-social decisions. Level 1 - The lowest security level in the classification system. The fall of the strategic city prompted a major and ultimately disastrous invasion of Bulgaria by the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I, which led to his demise at the hands of the Bulgarian army. Sofia has a humid continental climate (Kppen climate classification Dfb; Cfb if with 3C isotherm) with an average annual temperature of 10.9C (51.6F). Serdika was the favorite city of Constantine the Great (reign 306-337), who said: Serdika is my Rome. In roughly 175, massive fortified walls, with four watchtowers were built to protect the city, and a second outer fortified wall was added during the 5th-6th centuries. [142] With 1,600 prisoners, the incarceration rate is above 0.1%;[143] however, roughly 70% of all prisoners are part of the Romani minority.[144]. A number of ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval Bulgarian buildings are preserved in the centre of the city. "Sofia. Popov, D. Thracians, Sofia, p.h. The transformations of Bulgaria into the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1946 and into the Republic of Bulgaria in 1990 marked significant changes in the city's appearance. There were 3,162 theatric performances with 570,568 people attending in 2014. Following the defeat of the crusader forces in 1444, the city's Christians faced persecution. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. : +359 885 921 620 E-mail:chitalnyata@gmail.com. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. Aleko is at an altitude of 1,800 meters, and its slopes face north. The National Museum of Ethnography is also located here, and the Museum of Natural History is a very short distance away, with exhibits of plants and animals that are very valuable, and even some that can no longer be seen in the wild. Mount Vitosha borders on the Vitosha Natural Park, which is the oldest nature reserve on the Balkan Peninsula. Some known holders of the title were Kaloyan, Peter and their relative Aleksandar Asen (d. after 1232), a son of Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria (r.11891196). The city was also an applicant for the 2014 Winter Olympics, but was not selected as candidate. As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. One year later, in 1880, it was the fifth-largest city in the country after Plovdiv, Varna, Ruse and Shumen. They can be considered as a single complex, and played an important role in preserving the Bulgarian spiritual heritage during the centuries of Ottoman occupation. Still standing are the Dragalevski, Lozen, Germanski, Kremikovski, Cherepishki, and Osenovlashki Monasteries, among others. [182] Manufacturing companies include Woodward, Inc., producing airframe and industrial turbomachinery systems,[183] Festo, producing microsensors,[184] Visteon, development and engineering of instrument clusters, LCD displays and domain controllers,[185] Melexis, producing micro-electronic semiconductor solutions in the automotive sector,[186] Sopharma, producing pharmaceuticals, the largest Lufthansa Technik maintenance facilities outside Germany etc.[187]. [127], Sofia is the seat of the executive (Council of Ministers), legislative (National Assembly) and judiciary (Supreme Court and Constitutional Court) bodies of Bulgaria, as well as all government agencies, ministries, the National Bank, and the delegation of the European Commission. In 1925, a terrorist act of ultra-leftists failed their attempted assassination of the king but resulted in the destruction of the Saint Nedelya Church and many victims. [79], In 339 BC Philip II of Macedon destroyed and ravaged the town for the first time. The valley has an average altitude of 550 metres (1,800ft). [49][50] The hottest recorded month was July 2012 with an average temperature of 25C (77F). [25], The population of Sofia declined from 70,000 in the late 18th century, through 19,000 in 1870, to 11,649 in 1878, after which it began increasing. Some of the neighbourhoods constructed after 2000 are densely built up and lack green spaces. This guide presents six key elements that, in combination, will help jails reduce a wide array of negative, destructive, and dangerous inmate behavior (p. v). Odeon (not part of the Odeon Cinemas chain) shows exclusively European and independent American films, as well as 20th century classics. Level 3 - The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 2, and requires more security/supervision than Level 2, but less than Level 4. 18792004". [163] It is the economic hub of Bulgaria and home to most major Bulgarian and international companies operating in the country, as well as the Bulgarian National Bank and the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. Sofia has been settled for many millennia. The citys flourished for a second time under Justinian the Great (reign 527-565). During the winter, the ski resort on Mount Vitosha is a favorite choice among skiers and snowboarders alike, and during the summer it is a favorite place for hikers and picnickers. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. [10] The metropolitan area of Sofia is based upon one hour of car travel time, stretches internationally and includes Dimitrovgrad in Serbia. The report also noted that no industrial pollution monitoring stations operate in Sofia, even though industrial facilities are active in the city. ", "Where are world's deadliest major cities? This is noticeably changing in the past years. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. Their inmate to correctional officer ratio is a lot higher than the previous two security levels. Opportunities for sport and recreation in the capital are many and varied outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, modern gymnasiums and sports halls, and parks. Sofia (/sofi, sf-, sofi/ SOH-fee-, SOF-;[14][15] Bulgarian: , romanized:Sofiya,[16][17] IPA:[sfij] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. ERH - A security level for individuals who commit or lead others to commit violent, disruptive, predatory, riotous actions, or who otherwise pose a serious threat to the security of the institution as set forth in the established ERH criteria. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. The ratio of women per 1,000 men was 1,102. The mountain offers favourable skiing conditions during the winter. [124] Some party leaders claimed that ballots were falsified and called for annulment of the election. Not far from the mosque is a synagogue, which houses a museum. [139] Corruption in Bulgaria also affects Sofia's authorities. A refurbishment project is due to be completed in mid-2019,[131] while the old National Assembly building will become a museum or will only host ceremonial political events. The Vitosha Nature Park (the oldest national park in the Balkans)[118] includes most of Vitosha mountain and covers an area of 266 square kilometres (103sqmi),[119] with roughly half of it lying within the municipality of Sofia. Nu Image acquired the studios to upgrade them into Nu Boyana Film Studios, used to shoot scenes for a number of action movies like The Expendables 2, Rambo: Last Blood and London Has Fallen.[147][148]. [134] Nevertheless, in the 21st century, crimes, including Bulgarian mafia killings, caused problems in the city,[135] where authorities had difficulties convicting the actors,[136] which had caused the European Commission to warn the Bulgarian government that the country would not be able to join the EU unless it curbed crime[137] (Bulgaria eventually joined in 2007). [24] In 1979, the Boyana Church in Sofia was included onto the World Heritage List, and it was deconstructed in the Second Bulgarian Empire, holding much patrimonial symbolism to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. In 1944 Sofia and the rest of Bulgaria was occupied by the Soviet Red Army and within days of the Soviet invasion Bulgaria declared war on Nazi Germany. DOC also uses risk sub codes as "flags" to designate a special situation or condition for staff to monitor. [200] Additionally, all-electric vehicles are available through carsharing company Spark, which is set to increase its fleet to 300 cars by mid-2019.[201]. The National Institute of Corrections helps agencies develop or modify their . [81] The earliest mention of the city comes from an Athenian inscription from the 1st century BC, attesting Astiu ton Serdon, i.e. Was renamed Sredets ( the Center ), who said: serdika is my Rome as well as 20th classics! 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