Solomon the King. [19] Solomon was born after David was forgiven. Solomon's sub-themes are that contentment cannot be found in human endeavors or material things, while wisdom and knowledge leave too many unanswered questions. Help us continue to create Bible study resources by supporting Study and Obey for as little as $1. Solomon cared about training his children He wrote the book of Proverbs for his sons (Proverbs 4:1-4.) [7] Solomon is portrayed as wealthy, wise and powerful, and as one of the 48 Jewish prophets. His two names mean "peaceful" and "friend of God", both considered "predictive of the character of his reign". [50][51][52][53][54], Historical evidence of King Solomon other than the biblical accounts has been so minimal that some scholars have understood the period of his reign as a 'Dark Age' (Muhly 1998). He would have been trained in the ways of the court and in warfare and in how to run a nation. We should look at Solomon and others who disobeyed Gods Word in the Bible as a reminder to take sin seriously and to obey all the commands of God. 1 Kings 11 describes Solomon's descent into idolatry, particularly his turning after Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Sidonians, and after Milcom, the god of the Ammonites. Rev." xi. "Jebus, the City of David, and Jerusalem: Jerusalem from the Iron. He humbly acknowledged his weakness and inability to lead such a large kingdom by himself. This is one reason why Jesus said it is harder for a rich man to enter heaven than a camel through the eye of a needle. Such positions have been criticized by other archaeologists and scholars, who argue that a united monarchy did exist in the 10th century BC, while agreeing that the biblical account contains exaggerations. He went with the very best wood imported from another country and paid for with Israels finest goods. [63] Similarly, Kitchen[64] and others consider the temple of Solomon a reasonable and typically sized structure for the region at the time. [39] Scholarly consensus in this field holds that "Solomon's wives/women were introduced in the 'Josianic' (customarily Dtr) edition of Kings as a theological construct to blame the schism [between Judah and the Northern Kingdom of Israel] on his misdeeds".[39]. [31] These all have substantial ancient remains, including impressive six-chambered gates, and ashlar palaces; however it is no longer the scholarly consensus that these structures date to the time, according to the Bible, when Solomon ruled. Of the two genealogies of Jesus given in the Gospels, Matthew mentions Solomon, but Luke does not. According to Jewish tradition, King Solomon wrote three books of the Bible: The Hebrew word appears in the title of two hymns (72 and 127) in the Book of Psalms. Stories from the Thousand and One Nights. Do not date or marry unbelievers. However, according to rabbinical accounts, Necho did not know how the mechanism worked and so accidentally struck himself with one of the lions causing him to become lame; Nebuchadnezzar, into whose possession the throne subsequently came, shared a similar fate. The Jewish historian Eupolemus, who wrote about 157 BCE, included copies of apocryphal letters exchanged between Solomon and the kings of Egypt and Tyre. Andr Lemaire states in Ancient Israel: From Abraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple that the principal points of the biblical tradition of Solomon are generally trustworthy,[59] although elsewhere he writes that he could find no substantiating archaeological evidence that supports the Queen of Sheba's visit to king Solomon, saying that the earliest records of trans-Arabian caravan voyages from Tayma and Sheba unto the Middle-Euphrates etc. After Sennacherib's fall Hezekiah gained possession of it, but when Josiah was slain by Pharaoh Necho, the latter took it away. Philip identified the warrior-king David with his own father Charles V, and himself sought to emulate the thoughtful and logical character which he perceived in Solomon. In the end, however, he is regarded as a righteous king and is especially praised for his diligence in building the Temple. Trying to please many women would turn the kings heart away from the Lord and distract him from the work God had for him to do in his family and country. Application: Whether or not we ever get rich, the lesson for us is to give of the best we have to the Lord. These were open air places on the tops of hills or mountains originally used by pagans to sacrifice to their gods. Solomons occupation was being a king. It's the tale of a young woman preparing to marry her love: a handsome gent who . What do you think is the cause of this? Solomon was very humble and expressed gratitude for all that God had done so far. It is suggested in Scripture that this was a judgment from God. Keep in mind that at that time there wasnt DNA evidence or closed caption video or fingerprinting or other elaborate methods for determining the truth. God told Solomon that his persistent disobedience would cost him most of his kingdom. For 13 years, he was engaged in the building of a royal palace on Ophel (a hilly promontory in central Jerusalem). Take note that God can see through to the heart so Solomon wasnt just putting on a pretense. Let the Word of God accompany you everywhere through this easy-to-carry spiral-bound notebook. [99] He also mentions Solomon in the Tablet of Wisdom, where he is depicted as a contemporary of Pythagoras.[100]. An elder brother of the eagle, 900 years old, was then found, but it also did not know the entrance. [42] Some scholars and historians argue that the passages, such as his dedication prayer (1 Kings 8:1466), that describe Solomon's apparent initial devotion to Yahweh were written much later, after Jerusalem had become the religious centre of the kingdom, replacing locations such as Shiloh and Bethel. [32], According to the Bible, during Solomon's reign, Israel enjoyed great commercial prosperity, with extensive traffic being carried on by land with Tyre, Egypt, and Arabia, and by sea with Tarshish, Ophir, and South India.[33]. If we seek Him first, all these things will be given to us. It wasnt a racial or ethnic issue, but a religious one. Solomon then ordered the jinn to create a depilatory for the queen. Solomon greatly expanded his military strength, especially the cavalry and chariot arms. 1 & 2 Kings: An Introduction and Study Guide: History and Story in Ancient Israel: Bloomsbury Publishing. A lot of times it boiled down to one persons word against another. Leadership is a crucial aspect of society. In another familiar version of the legend of the Seal of Solomon, Asmodeus disguises himself. Character Studies E-book If you found these character studies helpful, get ourCharacter Studies E-book, with 8 practical lessons on important Bible heroes of the faith. USA:Princeton University Press,2015. p. 158, Eva Orthmann, Anna Kollatz The Ceremonial of Audience: Transcultural Approaches Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 11.11.2019 isbn 978-3-847-00887-3 p. 155, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 13:33, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, "In Our Time With Melvyn Bragg: King Solomon", "Archaeology, Culture, and other Religions", Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on 1 Kings 1, "Loving too well: The negative portrayal of Solomon and the composition of the Kings history", "On the Beginnings of South Asian Spice Trade with the Mediterranean Region: A Review", "King Solomon's Silver? The Story of the Fisherman. You can probably think of some people like this in your church, fellowship, or circle of friends. I can handle it. What would you have wanted to tell Solomon if he said this to you? Salmon ( Hebrew: almn) or Salmah ( alm, Greek: ) is a person mentioned in genealogies in both the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) and in the New Testament . When the king sat, surrounded by the Sanhedrin, to judge the people, the wheels began to turn, and the beasts and fowls began to utter their respective cries, which frightened those who had intended to bear false testimony. It was often depicted in the shape of either a pentagram or a hexagram. So order me that I may be grateful for Thy favors, which Thou hast bestowed on me and on my parents, and that I may work the righteousness that will please Thee: and admit me, by Thy Grace, to the ranks of Thy righteous Servants.'" [101] In other stories from the One Thousand and One Nights, protagonists who had to leave their homeland and travel to the unknown places of the world saw signs which proved that Solomon had already been there. Weaknesses King David committed adultery with Bathsheba. This is clearly a main point of these chapters. She became influential in the royal palace. 8a: "For as long as Shimei the son of Gera was alive Solomon did not marry the daughter of Pharaoh" (see also Midrash Tehillim to Ps. It is just as common today. There was also on the top of the throne a golden candelabrum, on the seven branches of the one side of which were engraved the names of the seven patriarchs Adam, Noah, Shem, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Job, and on the seven of the other the names of Levi, Kohath, Amram, Moses, Aaron, Eldad, Medad, and, in addition, Hur (another version has Haggai). Solomon was promised wisdom, riches, honor, and long life if he would continue in righteousness before the Lord. I have learnt we should not compromise with bad things in our life. [71] William G. Dever argues that Solomon only reigned over Israel and did build a temple, but that descriptions of his lavishness and the other conquests are strongly exaggerated. The demons taking over Solomon's kingdom, is mirroring Sufistic concept of the mind giving in to evil urges. Thank you for a indepth look into Solomons character, and some great lessons I will apply to my life. In a single year, according to 1 Kings 10:14, Solomon collected tribute amounting to 666 talents (18,125 kilograms) of gold. God gifted him with unsurpassed wisdom, which Solomon squandered by disobeying God's commandments. [55] However, no material evidence indisputably of Solomon's reign has been found. The dove then descended, took the scroll of the Law from the Ark, and placed it on Solomon's knees. They suggest that because of religious prejudice, the authors of the Bible suppressed the achievements of the Omrides (whom the Hebrew Bible describes as being polytheist), and instead pushed them back to a supposed golden age of Judaism and monotheists, and devotees of Yahweh. Great men and women from many nations came to hear him and test his understanding and knowledge. There would be many such cases of quarrels between the citizens of his country. Southern Phoenician Hacksilber Hoards and the Location of Tarshish", "A Buried Treasure: The Entombment of the Ark", "Nights 3-9. But they cannot harm anyone except with God's permission. The shamir had been entrusted by the prince of the sea to the mountain rooster alone, and the rooster had sworn to guard it well, but Solomon's men found the bird's nest, and covered it with glass. SOLOMON sl' mn (, peaceable; LXX ).This was the regal name of the third king of Israel. In 1 Kings 6:11-13 God promised to be with them conditionally depending on their obedience. The metals from Tarshish were reportedly obtained by Solomon in partnership with King Hiram of Phoenician Tyre (Isaiah 23) and the fleets of Tarshish and ships that sailed in their service. The child was a son who became Menelik I, King of Axum, and founded a dynasty that would reign as the Jewish, then Christian, Empire of Ethiopia which lasted 2900 years until Haile Selassie was overthrown in 1974. Following the split, his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone.[6]. (A concubine was a sexual partner of lower status than a wife, often essentially a sex slave.) 5. She was especially loyal to her son Solomon, making sure he followed David as king, even though Solomon was not David's firstborn son. For instance, it has been suggested that Matthew is using Joseph's genealogy and Luke is using Mary's, but Darrell Bock states that this would be unprecedented, "especially when no other single woman appears in the line". He was completely sincere in his request. In this case, God answered Solomons request in a great way, making him the wisest person that has ever existed (apart from Christ who is God). God appears to Solomon one night in a dream and says to him, "Ask for whatever you want me to give you" (v. 5, NIV). [32] This is not unexpected because the area was devastated by the Babylonians, then rebuilt and destroyed several times. The young woman was very beautiful, and she was of service to the king and attended to him, but the king knew her not."[22]. A talent from God. The first midrash claims that six steps were constructed because Solomon foresaw that six kings would sit on the throne, namely, Solomon, Rehoboam, Hezekiah, Manasseh, Amon, and Josiah. Twice before, God had appeared to him and warned him of the dangers of disobedience ( 1 Kings 11:9-10 ). Solomon then sent the bird to request the queen's visit. Online library for Christian discipleship resources incorporating digitized classic studies presented during the past 60 years. It is a slippery slope and not a cliff. Solomon didnt ask for any of these things. [15], Solomon was born in Jerusalem,[16] the second born child of David and his wife Bathsheba (widow of Uriah the Hittite). He knew the mantiq al-tayr (Arabic: , language of the birds). Daniel's Chaldean name is Belteshazzar. Disobeyed God by multiplying horses, chariots, gold, silver (Deuteronomy 17:14-20, 1 Kings 10:26-29) Why do you think God gave these commands not to have many horses or much gold? Solomon also constructed great water works for the city, and the Millo (Septuagint, Acra) for the defense of the city. The evidence from the hoards shows that the Levant was a center of wealth in precious metals during the reigns of Solomon and Hiram, and matches the texts that say the trade extended from Asia to the Atlantic Ocean. They did not teach anybody until they had said "We are a test, so do not lose faith." The first child (unnamed in that account), a son conceived adulterously during Uriah's lifetime, had died during birth. [58] Likewise, Finkelstein and others consider the claimed size of Solomon's temple implausible. According to some archaeologists, Solomon could have only been the monarch or chieftain of Judah, and that the northern kingdom was a separate development. [12], The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are derived from biblical chronology and are set from about 970 to 931 BCE. Creative ways of finding the truth needed to be implemented to be sure that justice prevailed. After Solomon's death, Pharaoh Shishak, when taking away the treasures of the Temple (I Kings xiv. Secondly, when you have a lot of money and possessions and a great army, there is a great temptation to rely on these things instead of God. But they learned from them the means to cause separation between man and his wife. But he wasn't exactly famous for his purity. Then Solomon asked for "a discerning heart to governand to distinguish between right and wrong." God was so pleased, He not only gave Solomon what he asked for but also added riches and honor. [4][5] He is described as having been the penultimate ruler of an amalgamated Israel and Judah. The Shulammite woman, or Shulammite maiden, is the bride of Solomon who features in the Song of Songs. Solomons mistake was that he continued worshiping God in these high places even after he built the temple. A strong start in the Christian life doesnt guarantee a strong finish. Solomon reached the second level of commitment, which is already saying a lot considering how much David loved God. In addition, God was so satisfied with Solomons response that He decided to make Solomon very wealthy and have a long life. The Spiral Bible is now available! This paper will focus on the arc of Solomon's tenure as a leader and relate it to the philosophy of ethics and leadership recorded in the Book of Proverbs. [75], From a critical point of view, Solomon's building of a temple for Yahweh should not be considered an act of particular devotion to Yahweh because Solomon is also described as building places of worship for a number of other deities. As wise as Solomon was, God was much wiser. It is not a malicious threat. Secondly, his father had many wives and many children. After the completion of the temple, Solomon is described in the biblical narrative as erecting many other buildings of importance in Jerusalem. [98] Baha'ullah wrote about Solomon in the Hidden Words. Solomon, being curious about such a peculiar phenomenon, had a glass floor built before his throne so that Bilqs, tricked into thinking it was water, raised her skirts to cross it and revealed that her legs were truly hairy. Solomon begins his reign well, and follows in his father's footsteps by demonstrating a great love for the Lord and offering many sacrifices to Him at Hebron. He was the son of David and Bathsheba, the former wife of Uriah the Hittite whom David had killed to cover his infidelity with Bathsheba while her husband was on the battlefront. God basically gives Solomon free reign to make one wish. Fiqitush tells King Solomon the recipes for curing such corruptions as each evil jinn confesses. This union caused many problems in the kingdom and was at least a partial cause of civil war and dissension with his own children. Sheba is typically identified as Saba, a nation once spanning the Red Sea on the coasts of what are now Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia and Yemen, in Arabia Felix; although other sources place it in the area of what is now northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.[40][41]. [42], Jewish scribes say that Solomon's teacher was Shimei (son of Gera), and while he lived, he prevented Solomon from marrying foreign wives. Naamah, a princess of Ammon, (part of present-day Jordan) who arrives in Jerusalem at age fourteen to marry King Solomon and tells of their life together, is the narrator of Aryeh Lev Stollman's novel published by Aryeh Nir/Modan (Tel Aviv) in Hebrew translation under the title, Toivo Tulev composed a piece for choir, soloists and chamber orchestra entitled, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 13:33. Solomon's execution of Shimei was his first descent into sin.[12]. This occurred many times in their history with Baals and Ashteroths and more Canaanite idols sneaking in. Give the best to God and whatever is leftover for yourself. According to Midrash Tehillim, the shamir was brought from paradise by Solomon's eagle; but most of the rabbis state that Solomon was informed of the worm's haunts by Asmodeus. [65], Some scholars have charted a middle path between minimalist scholars like Finkelstein, Silberman, and Philip Davies[66] (who believes that "Solomon is a totally invented character")[67] and maximalist scholars like Dever, Lemaire and Kitchen. Some say he regained his status while others say he did not. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Solomon is commemorated as a saint, with the title of "Righteous Prophet and King". Her exact identity is unknown, although there are a couple of theories. [72], The archaeological remains that are considered to date from the time of Solomon are notable for the fact that Canaanite material culture appears to have continued unabated; there is a distinct lack of magnificent empire, or cultural developmentindeed comparing pottery from areas traditionally assigned to Israel with that of the Philistines points to the latter having been significantly more sophisticated. [94] The ant is depicted as a wise creature, revealing to Solomon the reason behind his gift to control the wind and his name. The Song of Solomon (also known as the Song of Songs) celebrates this kind of union: a man and a woman becoming one. Once rid of his foes, he established his friends in the key posts of the military, governmental, and religious institutions. Or, I love them and cant help myself. What would you say to this? [104], The Solomon Islands, a country and archipelago in Melanesia, were named for King Solomon by the Spanish navigator lvaro de Mendaa, who became the first European to see the islands in 1568. A third party, or chorus, occasionally addresses the lovers. Christianity has traditionally accepted the historical existence of Solomon, though some modern Christian scholars have also questioned at least his authorship of those biblical texts ascribed to him. Faust, Avraham. God referred to him as Jedidiah which means "beloved of Jehovah" (2Samuel 12:25). If you're wondering where all these decisions led Solomon, just turn the page to 1 Kings chapter 11. Solomon gradually lost more and more prestige until he became like a commoner. In The Book of Deadly Names, purportedly translated from Arabic manuscripts found hidden in a building in Spain, the "King of the Jinn" Fiqitush brings 72 jinn before King Solomon to confess their corruptions and places of residence. Help us continue to create Bible study resources by supporting Study and Obey for as little as $1.Support. [22] "So they sought a beautiful young woman throughout all the territory of Israel, and found Abishag the Shunamite, and brought her to the king. 2012. He was the son of Nahshon, married "Rachab" of Matthew 1 :5 (possibly Rahab, of Jericho ), and Boaz (or Booz) was their son. In mostly non-biblical circles, Solomon also came to be known as a magician and an exorcist, with numerous amulets and medallion seals dating from the Hellenistic period invoking his name. His control over the demons, spirits, and animals augmented his splendor, the demons bringing him precious stones, besides water from distant countries to irrigate his exotic plants. [76][77][78] More recent scholars believe that passages such as these in the Books of Kings were not written by the same authors who wrote the rest of the text, instead probably by the Deuteronomist. David repented of his sins, and Bathsheba later gave birth to Solomon. In a brief, unelaborated, and enigmatic passage, the Hebrew Bible describes how the fame of Solomon's wisdom and wealth reached even the far-off Queen of Sheba. Having discovered the entrance, Solomon found an idol inside that had in its mouth a silver tablet saying in Greek (a language not thought by modern scholars to have existed 1000 years before the time of Solomon) that the statue was of Shaddad, the son of 'Ad, and that it had reigned over a million cities, rode on a million horses, had under it a million vassals and slew a million warriors, yet it could not resist the angel of death. [84][85], In Islamic tradition, Solomon is recognised as a prophet and a messenger of God, as well as a divinely appointed monarch, who ruled over the Kingdom of Israel. 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